The Effect of Planting Espacement and Pruning on Growth, Yield and Timber Density of<i>Eucalyptus grandis</i>

Schönau, A. P.G.

doi:10.1080/00382167.1974.9629319

Cited by 23 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Direct relationships in Eucalypts (Zobel 1992), no relationship in Eucalypts (Schönau 1973) and red Alder (Lei et al 1997), as well as indirect and no relationships in Hevea with low and high planting densities, respectively (Naji et al 2014) have been reported. In this study, no significant differences in wood density were detected among different PDs, though marked differences in growth rates (ARW) between low and high PDs were detected (Tab.…”

Section: Effect Of Initial Planting Density On Wood Density and Fibermentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of intensive planting density on tree growth, wood density and fiber properties of maple (Acer velutinum Boiss.)

Naji¹,

Nia²,

Kiaei³

et al. 2016

iForest

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Planting density is a major factor in determining tree growth and wood quality. Although the effect of low planting density on the variation of tree and wood characteristics has been already reported, the effect of intensive initial densities in plantations has not been fully assessed yet. In this study, the effect of intensive planting densities on tree growth, wood density and fiber cell properties was investigated in the context of the development of densely-stocked maple plantations for wood production. The study was carried out in a 12-year-old Acer velutinum trial plantation in northern Iran, with initial densities of 10000, 4444, and 2500 trees ha -1 planted. The variation of diameter at breast height, annual ring width, stem taper, wood density, and fiber cell properties were examined. As expected, low planting densities showed trees with larger diameter at breast height and annual ring width. The largest trees at higher densities were smaller than those in lower planting densities. However, initial planting density had no significant effect on stem taper, wood density and fiber cell properties. In addition, no significant relationships between tree growth features and wood properties were detected, indicating similar wood properties at all planting densities. Therefore, stand/tree growth attributes under intensive planting densities could not be considered as reliable predictors of the wood properties.

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Section: Effect Of Initial Planting Density On Wood Density and Fibermentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of intensive planting density on tree growth, wood density and fiber properties of maple (Acer velutinum Boiss.)

Naji¹,

Nia²,

Kiaei³

et al. 2016

iForest

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“…For good quality pruning of eucalypts, pruning of green branches is highly recommended (NUTTO E VÁZQUEZ 2006) Natural pruning of E. grandis is debated in the literature. While early studies state that eucalypts show good self-pruning, studies from Australia and South Africa strongly recommend pruning for eucalypt sawlog production (HENSKENS et al, 2001;BEADLE, 1998a;SCHÖNAU, 2002). Especially when managed under a fast-growing regime, species of the genus Eucalyptus tend to include dead branches partly in the wood of the bole.…”

Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pruning is undertaken to maximize the amount of clear wood produced by a tree. Studies from Australia, South Africa, and Southern Europe strongly recommend pruning for eucalypt sawlog production (BREDENKAMP et al, 1980;HENSKENS et al, 2001;TOUZA VÁZQUEZ, 2006;BEADLE, 1998a, b;SCHÖNAU, 2002). The targeted specifications for logs should be based on a maximum allowable knotty core diameter (STACKPOLE, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Branch Development of Eucalypts Managed for Sawlogs

Nutto

Malinovski

Dobner

et al. 2015

CERNE

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Species of the genus Eucalyptus managed for sawlogs in fast-growing plantations show high potential for substitution for valuable native hardwoods. To obtain high quality wood, technical pruning is necessary. The objective of the study is to analyse the development of the branches for the first and second pruning lifts and to quantify the biomass of the pruned branches. For the study two stands of Eucalyptus grandis were selected (age 18 and 36 months) for evaluating a pruning lift from 0 to 3 m and 3 to 6 m. The average branch diameter and length were 18 mm and 2.1 m in the younger stand and 21 mm and 2.3 m in the older one. The relation between branch diameter and branch length could be expressed in a linear model (R² = 0.8). In both stands a higher proportion of branches were already dead. The oven-dry biomass of the pruned branches was 2.2 ton.ha-1 in the first pruning lift and 1.2 ton.ha-1 in the second. The results showed that branch development in wide spaced and early thinned eucalypt plantations is in line with the objective of high quality wood production. Pruning should take place before 18 month to avoid dead branches. The oven-dry branch biomass cut in the two pruning lifts shows a low volume making a commercial utilization difficult.

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“…In all studies, knots have been the major gradelimiting factor, whether recovery was evaluated using structural or appearance criteria of eucalypts coming from forest plantations (Washusen et al 2000). Studies from Australia, South Africa and Southern Europe strongly recommend pruning for eucalypt sawlog production (Pinkard and Beadle 1998;Henskens et al 2001;Schönau 2002;Nutto et al 2003). Especially when managed under a fast growing regime, as it is intended in Brazil, eucalypts tend to include dead branches partly encroaching into the stem (Medhurst et al 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ergonomic aspects and productivity of different pruning tools for a first pruning lift of Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden

Nutto¹,

Malinovski²,

Brunsmeier³

et al. 2013

Silva Fenn.

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. (2013). Ergonomic aspects and productivity of different pruning tools for a first pruning lift of Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden. Silva Fennica vol. 47 no. 4 article id 1026. 14 p. Highlights• Pruning of hardwoods coming from forest plantations is becoming more and more important in Brazil to replace scarce wood from tropical forests.• Evaluating productivity of different pruning tools is essential for the economic output of plantations managed for high quality wood.• Pruning activities of forest workers can be classified as "hard" or "very hard work". Depending on the tools used physical long-term damages may be prevented. AbstractFor the substitution of wood from tropical rainforests pruning of Eucalyptus for producing valuable hardwoods in short rotation plantations has become important. Existing tools and ergonomic aspects of pruning were not yet well analysed under these conditions. The objective of the study is to evaluate the productivity and ergonomics of three different pruning tools in a pruning lift up to 3 m in height. The trees used in the study came from an 18-month-old clonal Eucalyptus grandis stand planted in a 5.0 x 2.8 m spacing. Two manual pruning tools and an electric shear were tested for productivity by using time studies. Ergonomic aspects were evaluated by two test persons using pulse meter equipment. The highest productivity could be shown for the electric shear (236 trees per working day), followed by the manual shear (196 trees/day) and the handsaw (180 trees/day). The heartbeat rate of the two test persons ranged from a level of "very hard work" for the manual tools to "middle hard" and "hard work" for the electric shear. The workload level to achieve the productivity currently reached in practice using purely manual tools is extremely high, exceeding the permanent working capacity of the operators and leading to physical degradation on the long run.

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The Effect of Planting Espacement and Pruning on Growth, Yield and Timber Density ofEucalyptus grandis

Cited by 23 publications

References 5 publications

Effect of intensive planting density on tree growth, wood density and fiber properties of maple (Acer velutinum Boiss.)

Effect of intensive planting density on tree growth, wood density and fiber properties of maple (Acer velutinum Boiss.)

Branch Development of Eucalypts Managed for Sawlogs

Ergonomic aspects and productivity of different pruning tools for a first pruning lift of Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden

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