The effect of polyelectrolyte counterion specificity, charge density, and conformation on polyelectrolyte-amphiphile interaction: The carrageenan/furcellaran-amitriptyline system

Encapsulation of β-carotene from sea buckthorn (Hippophaë rhamnoides L.) juice in furcellaran beads

“…The loaded beads are then used as immobilised biocatalysts or for controlled release of the entrapped compounds (Ouwerx, Velings, Mestdagh, & Axelos, 1998 Furcellaran is an anionic sulphated polysaccharide extracted from the red algae Furcellaria lumbricalis. Furcellaran is a copolymer of β-and κ-carrageenan (Hugerth & Sundelöf, 2001) and is usually represented as a structurally repeating unit of alternating 3-linked β-d-galactopyranose and 4-linked α-dgalactopyranose residues, with a part of the latter existing as a 3,6-anhydro derivative (Glicksman, 1984). Furcellaran forms gels, undergoing a transition from coil (disordered sol state) to helix (ordered state) transition, triggered by a reduction in temperature and/or through ionic interactions.…”

Micropolarity and Microviscosity of Amitriptyline and Dextran Sulfate/Carrageenan‐Amitriptyline Systems: The Nature of Polyelectrolyte–Drug Complexes

“…Studies thus far have revealed the polyelectrolyte‐drug interaction to share many of the features exhibited by the interaction between a “traditional” cationic surfactant and an oppositely charged polyelectrolyte. Consequently, the regulating factors are the same: the polyelectrolyte charge density,17,18,23–25 flexibility,19,26 distribution of hydrophobic/hydrophilic groups,8,27 conformation,20,28 type of charge and nature of the polyelectrolyte counterions,17,28,29 and physico‐chemical properties of the amphiphile 18,30. Moreover, the polymer‐solvent, the amphiphile‐solvent, the polyelectrolyte/amphiphile counterion‐solvent interaction,16 and ionic strength23,28,31–35 exert a significant influence on the polyelectrolyte‐drug interaction 17…”

Amorphous nanodrugs prepared by complexation with polysaccharides: Carrageenan versus dextran sulfate

“…CIP-CGN nanoplex CIP-CGN nanoplex was prepared at a constant CIP concentration of 10 mg/mL while the charge ratio of CIP to CGN (R CIP/CGN ) was varied from 0.4 to 2.0. The R CIP/CGN was calculated from charge densities of CIP and CGN, which were equal to 3.0 × 10 −6 (Cheow & Hadinoto, 2012) and 2.3 × 10 −6 mol charge/mg (Hugerth & Sundelof, 2001), respectively. Briefly, CIP was dissolved at 10 mg/mL in 0.3% (v/v) acetic acid, while a variable amount of CGN (according to the intended R CIP/CGN ) was dissolved in 0.1 M or 0.3 M NaCl at 60 • C. The CIP solution was then added under gentle stirring to the CGN solution, whose temperature was maintained at 60 • C in a water bath.…”