The effect of polyphenols on cytokine and granulocyte response to resistance exercise

Jajtner, Adam R.; Hoffman, Jay R.; Townsend, Jeremy R.; Beyer, Kyle S.; Varanoske, Alyssa N.; Church, David D.; Oliveira, Leonardo P.; Herrlinger, Kelli A.; Radom‐Aizik, Shlomit; Fukuda, David H.; Stout, Jeffrey R.

doi:10.14814/phy2.13058

Cited by 17 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 47 publications

(171 reference statements)

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“…The reliance on proxy serum markers of inflammation does not provide sufficient sensitivity to understand processes taking place within the damaged muscle itself. This point was clearly confirmed by Jajtner [ 128 ], since supplementation with a proprietary blend of green and black tea polyphenols suppressed IL8 protein expression in human skeletal muscle after intensive exercise, but there was no effect on circulating IL8 concentration. Myburgh et al [ 129 ] investigated the effect of grape seed-derived proanthocyanidolic oligomer (PCO) supplementation on the healing process after hindlimb contusion injury in male Wistar rats.…”

Section: Fruit-derived Polyphenols and Recovery After Intensive Exercsupporting

confidence: 58%

Fruit-Derived Polyphenol Supplementation for Athlete Recovery and Performance

2019

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Polyphenols are characterised structurally by two or more hydroxyl groups attached to one or more benzene rings, and provide the taste and colour characteristics of fruits and vegetables. They are radical scavengers and metal chelators, but due to their low concentration in biological fluids in vivo their antioxidant properties seem to be related to enhanced endogenous antioxidant capacity induced via signalling through the Nrf2 pathway. Polyphenols also seem to possess anti-inflammatory properties and have been shown to enhance vascular function via nitric oxide-mediated mechanisms. As a consequence, there is a rationale for supplementation with fruit-derived polyphenols both to enhance exercise performance, since excess reactive oxygen species generation has been implicated in fatigue development, and to enhance recovery from muscle damage induced by intensive exercise due to the involvement of inflammation and oxidative damage within muscle. Current evidence would suggest that acute supplementation with ~ 300 mg polyphenols 1–2 h prior to exercise may enhance exercise capacity and/or performance during endurance and repeated sprint exercise via antioxidant and vascular mechanisms. However, only a small number of studies have been performed to date, some with methodological limitations, and more research is needed to confirm these findings. A larger body of evidence suggests that supplementation with > 1000 mg polyphenols per day for 3 or more days prior to and following exercise will enhance recovery following muscle damage via antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. The many remaining unanswered questions within the field of polyphenol research and exercise performance and recovery are highlighted within this review article.

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Section: Fruit-derived Polyphenols and Recovery After Intensive Exercsupporting

confidence: 58%

Fruit-Derived Polyphenol Supplementation for Athlete Recovery and Performance

2019

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“…IL-1ß, IL-6 and TNF-α. The juniper micro-emulsion was found to be rich in phenolic compounds including flavonoids which may be responsible for down-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines as studies have shown that flavonoids down-regulate inflammatory cytokines expression (Jajtner et al., 2016; Zeinali et al., 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of Juniperus communis L as a nutraceutical in human and veterinary medicine

Raina¹,

Verma²,

Peshin

et al. 2019

Heliyon

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Plants have been used for thousands of years as medicine for treating variety of diseases and medical complaints by most of the civilizations. Juniperus communis L. is an evergreen aromatic shrub with high therapeutic potential for the treatment of diseases in human and animals. The plant is rich in aromatic oils, invert sugars, resins, catechin, organic acid, terpenic acids, leucoanthocyanidin, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, gums, lignins, wax, etc. Juniper berries or extract of the plant has traditionally been used as diuretic, anti-arthritis, anti-diabetes, antiseptic as well as for the treatment of gastrointestinal and autoimmune disorders. The essential oil and extracts of juniper have been experimentally documented to have antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal activities. Recent studies have also found anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of berries in experimental models. Further, the essential oil incorporation retarded lipid peroxidation in preserved meat due to its high antioxidant effect which not only improved meat product quality but also improved shelf life of the product. Thus natural antioxidant such as juniper can be used in place synthetic antioxidant for the preservation and improving self-life of meat products. New well designed clinical trials in human and animals using well-characterized J. communis extract or oil need to be conducted so that additional information is generated which can support the use of this natural product as a nutraceutical.

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“…Herrlinger and colleagues [65] also reported that consumption of green tea polyphenols (2000 mg/day for 13 weeks) prior to downhill running (40 min, 65%VO 2 max) preserved muscle function, reduced circulating CK levels, and decreased soreness 48 h after exercise relative to placebo in recreationally active males. Conversely, several studies have shown that acute [66] and chronic [67] supplementation with tea-derived polyphenols did not attenuate the post-exercise flux of indirect markers of muscle damage after damaging resistance exercise. A later investigation [60] likewise found no effect of green tea extract supplementation (980 mg/day for 28 days) on markers of muscle damage in male sprinters who performed four repeated Wingate cycle sprints.…”

Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional and Supplementation Strategies to Prevent and Attenuate Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage: a Brief Review

et al. 2019

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Exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) is typically caused by unaccustomed exercise and results in pain, soreness, inflammation, and reduced muscle function. These negative outcomes may cause discomfort and impair subsequent athletic performance or training quality, particularly in individuals who have limited time to recover between training sessions or competitions. In recent years, a multitude of techniques including massage, cryotherapy, and stretching have been employed to combat the signs and symptoms of EIMD, with mixed results. Likewise, many varied nutritional and supplementation interventions intended to treat EIMD-related outcomes have gained prominence in the literature. To date, several review articles have been published that explore the many recovery strategies purported to minimize indirect markers of muscle damage. However, these articles are very limited from a nutritional standpoint. Thus, the purpose of this review is to briefly and comprehensively summarize many of these strategies that have been shown to positively influence the recovery process after damaging exercise. These strategies have been organized into the following sections based on nutrient source: fruits and fruit-derived supplements, vegetables and plant-derived supplements, herbs and herbal supplements, amino acid and protein supplements, vitamin supplements, and other supplements.

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The effect of polyphenols on cytokine and granulocyte response to resistance exercise

Cited by 17 publications

References 47 publications

Fruit-Derived Polyphenol Supplementation for Athlete Recovery and Performance

Fruit-Derived Polyphenol Supplementation for Athlete Recovery and Performance

Potential of Juniperus communis L as a nutraceutical in human and veterinary medicine

Nutritional and Supplementation Strategies to Prevent and Attenuate Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage: a Brief Review

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