The effect of polysaccharides from Cibotium barometz on enhancing temozolomide–induced glutathione exhausted in human glioblastoma U87 cells, as revealed by 1H NMR metabolomics analysis

Preclinical and Clinical Applications of Metabolomics and Proteomics in Glioblastoma Research

“…Likewise, the underlying mechanisms of natural anti-cancer agents were explored in another study by identifying the prospective markers and exploring their targets via employing 1 H NMR-based untargeted metabolomics approach, coupled with real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and flow cytometry [51]. Influenced by the chemo-sensitization ability of natural polysaccharides [52][53][54][55][56][57], Cibotium barometz (CB), a tropical plant rich in polysaccharides was tested for the effect of heat processing on the plants' chemosensitization ability.…”

“…Influenced by the chemo-sensitization ability of natural polysaccharides [52][53][54][55][56][57], Cibotium barometz (CB), a tropical plant rich in polysaccharides was tested for the effect of heat processing on the plants' chemosensitization ability. Differences in the mechanisms of both the processed (PCB) and raw (RCB) batches were uncovered, where the former was able to significantly enhance the sensitivity of U-87 cell lines to TMZ, exhibit stronger toxicity to U-87 cells with TMZ, cause cell cycle arrest, spark metabolic changes, deplete GSH; leading to reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, and cell death [51].…”

Glioblastoma Metabolomics—In Vitro Studies

“…Next, the sample is transferred into tubes and vortexed/shaken, followed by ultracentrifugation in order to remove any debris. After ultracentrifugation, the samples are evaporated and either (1) reconstituted with a solvent that is compatible with liquid chromatography, (2) derivatized and injected on gas chromatography, or (3) reconstituted with deuterated water spiked with TSP [ 33 , 34 , 35 ], TMSP [ 31 , 36 , 37 ], DSS [ 38 ], and propionic-2,2,3,3,-d4 acid [ 38 ] or TMS [ 39 ] for nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. Aside from the above-described simple liquid-liquid extraction approach, researchers have also employed a dual-phase extraction approach.…”

“…Furthermore, researchers have successfully identified Glu in GSC following treatment with a glutaminase inhibitor; as expected glutaminase levels were lower after the administration of the agent [ 54 ]. Moreover, an NMR approach has been successfully employed to detect Glu among the intrametabolome of U87 following treatment with TMZ or Cibotium barometz polysaccharides [ 36 ], and it has also been detected using astrocytoma cell lines derived from glioma tissue [ 34 ] and established cell lines [ 30 , 55 ]. The analysis of rat glioma BT4C cells revealed the presence of Glu and lactic acid within the intracellular metabolome, which suggests that these compounds can be used as a target for relatively easy (compared to human trials) investigations with in vivo rat models [ 44 ].…”

“…Metabolomics analysis was also successfully used in the study conducted by Shi et alto evaluate the ability of Cibotium barometz polysaccharides (CBPs) to resensitize TMZ-resistant cells. The findings showed changes in the metabolites involved in GSH metabolism (e.g., Glu, Gly, or taurine) and significant accumulation of ROS, thus proving the effectiveness of used compounds [ 36 ]. A similar pharmaco-metabolomic approach was used by D’Alessandro et al, to analyze how the Gli1 inhibitor affected murine glioma cells that overexpressed Gli1.…”