The effect of posterior pituitary extracts on the renal excretion of sodium and chloride in man

Chalmers, T. M.; Lewis, Al; Pawan, G. L. S.

doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1951.sp004526

Cited by 43 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…In most instances there were no changes or minimal decreases in these rates of excretion. A similar lack of effect of Pitressin on the rates of excretion of electrolytes has been reported by others (12,24,25). The sharp increase in the rates of excretion of sodium and chloride with the ascent of the initial diuresis, and the almost complete absence of this response during the development of the postPitressin diuresis deserve consideration.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 66%

The Effects of Pitressin on the Metabolism and Excretion of Water and Electrolytes in Normal Subjects and Patients With Cirrhosis and Ascites 12

Nelson¹,

Welt²

1952

J. Clin. Invest.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 66%

The Effects of Pitressin on the Metabolism and Excretion of Water and Electrolytes in Normal Subjects and Patients With Cirrhosis and Ascites 12

Nelson¹,

Welt²

1952

J. Clin. Invest.

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“…The salt-and water-loaded subjects had a lower urine flow before Pitressin and a higher urine flow after Pitressin than the waterloaded group. It has been reported that Pitressin in man produces no change in the excretion of sodium chloride (10) and that it decreases the excretion of sodium slightly in the water-loaded subject (12). The latter authors believe that the reduction in the excretion of sodium is due to the low rate of urine flow which causes sodium to be more completely reabsorbed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Fresh In Group I the initial effect was the production of a water diuresis (i.e., the urine minute volumes increased markedly to levels of [6][7][8][9][10][11][12] cc./min. and sodium and chloride concentrations decreased) beginning about 30 minutes after the infusion was started.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Exogenous and Endogenous Posterior Pituitary Antidiuretic Hormone on Water and Electrolyte Excretion 1

Murphy¹,

Stead²

1951

J. Clin. Invest.

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The urine output of normal subjects varies greatly from hour to hour. Two of the important factors affecting the urine volume are the degree of activity of the posterior pituitary gland and the amount of solids to be excreted in the urine. In general, whenever the normal kidney is excreting a concentrated urine of low volume, secretion of the antidiuretic hormone (ADH) of the posterior pituitary gland is occurring. This secretion may be due to emotional, drug, or other nervous stimulation, or to an increased osmotic pressure in the extracellular fluid. The excretion of a large amount of very dilute urine by the normal kidney occurs when ADH production is inhibited either by nervous or osmotic stimuli. When concentrated electrolyte solutions are administered intravenously, a large quantity of concentrated urine is produced. This large urine volume appears to be the result of the osmotic effects of the solids in the urine, and the volume is not decreased by secretion of ADH.While there is general agreement as to the effects of ADH on water excretion, there has been little information on its effects on sodium, chloride and potassium excretion in man. The purposes of this study were (1 ) to determine the effect of endogenously produced ADH on the excretion of water, sodium and chloride, (2) to determine whether minute doses of commercial Pitressin given intravenously had the same effects on water and electrolyte excretion as endogenously produced ADH, (3) to determine whether the rate of excretion of sodium modified the antidiuretic effectiveness of Pitressin, and (4) to determine whether Pitressin given intravenously in minute doses altered glomerular filtration rate or renal plasma flow. Victoria Hospital, Montreal, Canada. MATERIALS AND METHODSAll of the following studies have been carried out on human subjects without endocrine, renal, cardiac, or other disease which has a known effect on water and electrolyte metabolism. All had been on normal salt and water intakes in the past. All subjects were studied in the post-absorptive state as regards food. The differing water and electrolyte conditions which were introduced as a part of the study will be mentioned specifically in the results.In all studies the same lot of Pitressin (commercial ADH prepared by Parke, Davis and Company) has been used. Fresh solutions of Pitressin in .9% NaCl were prepared for each experiment. The doses varied somewhat as specifically mentioned but where it is not mentioned, the dose was arbitrarily fixed at 1.0 milliunit per kilo of body weight.Urine collections were made from an indwelling urethral catheter which was placed at the bladder neck with considerable care. Throughout the full period of each study, which was carried out in a quiet, isolated environment, the patient was recumbent but not sleeping. As much assurance as possible was given to avoid any emotional upset during the simple procedures that were carried out.In all cases except the clearance studies, urine was collected at arbitrary time intervals of 10 minutes. Individ...

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“…However, several recent studies in which physiological amounts of posterior pituitary extract were given to human subjects in acute experiments reveal no effect on sodium and chloride excretion (1,(16)(17)(18)(19)(20).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence in Man That Urinary Electrolyte Loss Induced by Pitressin Is a Function of Water Retention 1

Leaf¹,

Bartter²,

Santos³

et al. 1953

J. Clin. Invest.

323

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The effect of posterior pituitary extracts on the renal excretion of sodium and chloride in man

Cited by 43 publications

References 1 publication

The Effects of Pitressin on the Metabolism and Excretion of Water and Electrolytes in Normal Subjects and Patients With Cirrhosis and Ascites 12

The Effects of Pitressin on the Metabolism and Excretion of Water and Electrolytes in Normal Subjects and Patients With Cirrhosis and Ascites 12

Effects of Exogenous and Endogenous Posterior Pituitary Antidiuretic Hormone on Water and Electrolyte Excretion 1

Evidence in Man That Urinary Electrolyte Loss Induced by Pitressin Is a Function of Water Retention 1

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