The effect of potentially toxic elements and sewage sludge on the activity of regulatory enzyme glutamate kinase

Pavlı́ková, Daniela; Pavlı́k, Milan; Staszková, L.; Tlustoš, Pavel; Száková, Jiřina; Balík, J.

doi:10.17221/2204-pse

Cited by 26 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Values relative to control are given in parentheses. P < 0.05*; < 0.01**; < 0.001*** tamate may also be required for proline synthesis and the activity of the regulatory enzyme, glutamate kinase was reported to be inhibited by Cd (Pavlíková et al 2007). Proline accumulation during Cd toxicity was observed in Sharma et al 1998.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity by cadmium in excised etiolated maize leaf segments during greening

Sarangthem¹,

Jain²,

Gadre³

2011

PLANT SOIL ENVIRON

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Supply of 0.1-0.5 mmol CdCl 2 inhibited δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (EC 4.2.1.24, ALAD) activity and total chlorophylls in excised etiolated segments of maize leaves during greening. Due to cadmium supply δ-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) content was reduced significantly at 0.5 mmol Cd only. Also the Cd treatment decreased the protein content and accumulated significantly the Cd in the tissue. Significant correlation between Cd accumulation in the leaves and various parameters measured is observed, with the R-squared values being 0.727 with ALAD activity, 0.885 with ALA content, 0.902 with total chlorophylls and 1.00 with proteins. The % inhibition of ALAD activity by Cd was decreased in the presence of nitrogenous compounds, glutamine and NH 4 NO 3 and the observed inhibition was 25% and 16%, respectively. More substantial reduction in % inhibition of enzyme activity by Cd was observed during treatment with glutathione, a ubiquitous thiol and levulinic acid, a competitive inhibitor of ALAD, with the inhibition being only 2% and 4%, respectively. Supply of some essential metal ions, such as Mg, Zn, and Mn, also reduced the % inhibition of enzyme activity by Cd. Inclusion of varying concentrations of ALA during assay also affected the % inhibition of enzyme activity by Cd showing an increased inhibition from 17% to 53% with increasing ALA concentration. It is suggested that Cd inhibits ALAD activity by affecting the ALA binding to the enzyme and/or disrupting thiol interaction.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity by cadmium in excised etiolated maize leaf segments during greening

Sarangthem¹,

Jain²,

Gadre³

2011

PLANT SOIL ENVIRON

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“…In addition, it is necessary to accentuate that the L-glutamine way to free proline is regulated at fwo basic levels. An increased proline accumulation increases the activity of the enzyme D-1-pyroline-5-carboxylate with the glutamate kinase activity, which leads to an increased synthesis of proline and / or, via glutamate-5-semialdehyde, of 5-aminolevulinic acid which is associated with the formation of chlorophyll [21,22]. Therefore, L-glutamine effect on free proline content in the test conditions was lower than the effect of L-proline.…”

Section: Free Proline Level In Relation To Freezing Tolerancementioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of proline and ethylene levels in rape seedlings for freezing tolerance

2014

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This study was aimed to investigate the possibility of regulating free proline content and ethylene production in the resistant to abiotic stress cv. ‘Hornet H’ and the tolerant to stress cv. ‘Sunday’ of winter rapeseed seedlings by pretreatment with exogenous L-proline and L-glutamine in non-acclimated and cold-acclimated seedlings in relation to freezing tolerance. The ratio of proline content in acclimated (at 4°C) versus non-acclimated (18°C) ‘Hornet H’ seedlings increased 2.12-fold and in ‘Sunday’ seedlings 1.95-fold. Exogenously applied, proline and glutamine produced a positive effect on free proline content in both cold-acclimated and non-acclimated seedlings. At a temperature of -1°C the proline content significantly increased in non-acclimated and especially in cold-acclimated seedlings. At an intensified freezing temperature (−3°C, −5°C, −7°C), the proline content decreased in comparison with that at −1°C, but glutamine, especially proline, in cold-acclimated seedlings takes part in free proline level increase and in seedlings’ resistance to freezing. Ethylene production increased in cold-acclimated conditions and under the effect of exogenous proline and glutamine. In freezing conditions, ethylene production decreased, but in cold-acclimated seedlings and under pretreatment of proline and glutamine the ethylene synthesis was intensive. Thus, free proline content and ethylene production increase in cold-acclimated winter rapeseed seedlings and under pretreatment with glutamine and especially with proline. Free proline is involved in the response to cold stress, and its level may be an indicator of cold-hardening and freezing tolerance, but the role of ethylene in the regulation of cold tolerance remains not quite clear.

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“…Exposure to toxic metals also induces plant to accumulate high amounts of proline (Štefl and Vašáková 1982). Increased accumulation of proline leads to the increase of glutamate kinase activity and creates a possibility for an increase in glutamic acid content due to the synthesis of glutathione and phytochelatines in plant cells (Pavlíková et al 2007). An increase of free proline inhibits biosynthesis of its excessive amounts in plant under heavy metal excess, and this results in the preferred utilization of glutamate for metabolic route leading to phytochelatin synthesis (Pavlíková et al 2008).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative stress and change in plant metabolism of maize (Zea mays L.) growing in contaminated soil with elemental sulfur and toxic effect of zinc

Cui¹,

Zhao²

2011

Plant Soil Environ.

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Responses of the chlorophyll, antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation in maize growing in soil with zinc (Zn) and elemental sulfur (S) were studied. The results showed that sulfur alleviated the high toxicity of Zn and increased the concentration of chlorophyll. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) increased significantly and catalase (CAT) activity significantly decreased in plants treated with 1000 mg/kg Zn alone. Compared with the control, SOD and POD activity increased from 62.3 to 77.3 U/mg protein and 28 to 41 nmol/min/mg protein, respectively. However, CAT activity decreased from 1.96 to 1.48 µmol H 2 O 2 /min/mg protein. The concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) in maize leaves significantly increased as the concentration of Zn increased. Moderate concentrations of S (32 and 160 mg/kg) alleviated the increase of both SOD and POD activity and the decrease of CAT activity that were observed under conditions of Zn stress. The greatest decrease of SOD and POD activity were 17% and 21% and both were observed in the treatment of 160 mg/kg S combined with 1000 mg/kg Zn. In this treatment, the greatest increase of CAT activity (11%) was also observed. The results suggest that moderate supplementation with S may ameliorate the toxicity caused by excess Zn and plays an important role in protecting plants from oxidative stress induced by excess Zn.

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The effect of potentially toxic elements and sewage sludge on the activity of regulatory enzyme glutamate kinase

Cited by 26 publications

References 23 publications

Inhibition of δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity by cadmium in excised etiolated maize leaf segments during greening

Inhibition of δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity by cadmium in excised etiolated maize leaf segments during greening

Regulation of proline and ethylene levels in rape seedlings for freezing tolerance

Oxidative stress and change in plant metabolism of maize (Zea mays L.) growing in contaminated soil with elemental sulfur and toxic effect of zinc

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