The effect of pregnancy on cytochrome P4501A2, xanthine oxidase, and N -acetyltransferase activities in humans

Tsutsumi, Kimiko

doi:10.1067/mcp.2001.116495

Cited by 117 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(42 reference statements)

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“…For a majority of drugs, concentrations are unchanged or reduced during pregnancy (16). However, clearance of some drugs, like those metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A2 or CYP2C19, is reduced in pregnancy, resulting in higher exposures (36,37). Rifampin, though, is not a P450 substrate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population Pharmacokinetics of Rifampin in Pregnant Women with Tuberculosis and HIV Coinfection in Soweto, South Africa

Denti

Martinson

Cohn

et al. 2016

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Effective treatment of tuberculosis during pregnancy is essential for preventing maternal and fetal mortality, but little is known about the effects of pregnancy on the disposition of antituberculosis drugs. We explored the effects of pregnancy on the pharmacokinetics of rifampin, the key sterilizing drug in tuberculosis treatment, in Tshepiso, a prospective cohort study involving pregnant HIV-infected women with or without tuberculosis in Soweto, South Africa. Participants receiving standard first-line tuberculosis treatment underwent sparse sampling for rifampin at 37 weeks' gestation or delivery and then postpartum. Cord blood was collected when possible. A population pharmacokinetic model was developed to investigate the effects of pregnancy on rifampin pharmacokinetics. Among the 48 participants, median age and weight were 28 years and 67 kg, respectively. A one-compartment model with first-order elimination, transit compartment absorption, and allometric scaling described the data well.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population Pharmacokinetics of Rifampin in Pregnant Women with Tuberculosis and HIV Coinfection in Soweto, South Africa

Denti

Martinson

Cohn

et al. 2016

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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“…7 Pregnancy causes various physiological changes and can lead to important variations in the pharmacokinetic processes of absorption, distribution and elimination of drugs. 8 The efficacy and safety of pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation has been established in the general population, but not in pregnant smokers. Although several studies [9][10][11][12][13][14][15] have been published on this subject, their findings have been inconsistent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy and safety of pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation among pregnant smokers: a meta‐analysis

Myung

Jung

et al. 2012

BJOG

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Background The efficacy and safety of pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation among pregnant smokers has not yet been established.Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation among pregnant smokers.Search strategy A search was made of PubMed, Embase and CENTRAL in June 2011.Selection criteria Randomised controlled trials (RCTs), quasiRCTs and retrospective or prospective controlled studies were included.Data collection and analysis The main analyses were designed to examine the efficacy of pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation among pregnant smokers based on the longest follow-up data available and from data obtained at the latest available time-point in pregnancy in each study.Main results Of 74 articles identified from the databases, seven studies (five RCTs, one quasi-RCT and one prospective study) involving a total of 1386 pregnant smokers, 732 in the intervention groups and 654 in the control groups, were included in the final analyses. In a fixed-effects meta-analysis of all seven studies based on the longest follow-up data available, pharmacotherapy had a significant effect on smoking cessation (relative risk [RR] 1.80; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.32-2.44). Subgroup meta-analysis by type of study design also showed similar findings for RCTs (RR 1.48; 95% CI 1.04-2.09) and other types of studies (RR 3.25;). The abstinence rate at late pregnancy in the intervention ranged from 7 to 22.6% (mean abstinence rate 13.0%; 95% CI 10.9-15.2%). A few minor adverse effects and serious adverse effects were reported in several studies.Author's conclusions This study indicates that there may be clinical evidence to support the use of pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation among pregnant smokers. Further RCTs are needed.

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“…Cigarette smoking nearly doubles the rate of caffeine metabolism due to the enzyme-inducing effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, known to increase liver enzyme activity (4)(5)(6). Pregnancy slows caffeine metabolism due to a reduction in Cytochrome P-450 1A2 (CYP1A2) activity (11).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal Caffeine Assessment: Fetal and Maternal Biomarkers or Self-Reported Intake?

Grosso

Triche

Benowitz

et al. 2008

Annals of Epidemiology

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PURPOSE-To examine associations among measures of caffeine exposure including maternal urine, umbilical cord blood, and maternal self report.METHODS-Pregnant women were recruited from 56 obstetric practices and 15 clinics associated with six hospitals in Connecticut and Massachusetts between September 1996 and January 2000; 3,633 women were enrolled. Maternal urine throughout pregnancy and umbilical cord blood samples were analyzed for caffeine, paraxanthine, theophylline, and theobromine. Maternal caffeine intake was assessed throughout pregnancy. RESULTS-Urinaryand cord blood biomarkers were correlated with reported intake throughout pregnancy (range r =0.35-0.66; p<0.0001). Infants of smokers had higher cord blood concentrations of paraxanthine, reflecting faster caffeine metabolism in smokers, and cord blood paraxanthine levels were more strongly correlated with intake in smokers.CONCLUSION-Maternal self reported intake may still be the optimal and most valid measure of antenatal caffeine exposure, since biomarkers do not reflect exposure over pregnancy.

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The effect of pregnancy on cytochrome P4501A2, xanthine oxidase, and N -acetyltransferase activities in humans

Abstract: The data demonstrate that pregnancy influences CYP1A2 and NAT2 activity. CYP1A2 activity decreases not only in late pregnancy but also in early and middle pregnancy.

Cited by 117 publications

References 26 publications

Population Pharmacokinetics of Rifampin in Pregnant Women with Tuberculosis and HIV Coinfection in Soweto, South Africa

Population Pharmacokinetics of Rifampin in Pregnant Women with Tuberculosis and HIV Coinfection in Soweto, South Africa

Efficacy and safety of pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation among pregnant smokers: a meta‐analysis

Prenatal Caffeine Assessment: Fetal and Maternal Biomarkers or Self-Reported Intake?

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