The effect of presentation medium of post‐event information: impact of co‐witness information

Itsukushima, Yukio; Nishi, Mariko; Maruyama, Masakazu; Takahashi, Masanobu

doi:10.1002/acp.1208

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…During the second session, participants were confronted with their written accounts. We chose to present their accounts in this way as written statements play an important role in the legal system, while research has shown that people are more easily misled when post‐event information is presented in a written form (Itsukushima, Nishi, Maruyama, & Takahashi, 2006). We asked participants to check their testimony carefully.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Memory distrust and acceptance of misinformation

Bergen

Horselenberg

Merckelbach

et al. 2009

Applied Cognitive Psychology

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Relying on a community sample (N ¼ 80), the present study examined whether memory distrust is related to an increased tendency to accept misinformation and whether it interacts with passage of time. Participants were shown video footage of an armed robbery. Approximately 30 minutes later, they were asked to describe as accurately as possible what they had seen. Either 1 day or 2 weeks later they were presented with their own statements, to which five misinformation items had been added. The results showed that people suffering from memory distrust accepted more misinformation than those with optimistic beliefs about their memory. In addition, both age and free recall seemed to modulate this relationship. However, memory evaluation did not interact with time interval.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Memory distrust and acceptance of misinformation

Bergen

Horselenberg

Merckelbach

et al. 2009

Applied Cognitive Psychology

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“…Experiments exploring the misinformation effect used various forms of the original, as well as post‐event materials (which in the experimental condition contain misinformation about the original event), and various types of the memory test (Zaragoza et al, ). Of particular interest for the present research is the form in which the post‐event information is introduced: a written narrative seemingly summarizing the original video clip (e.g., Frost, Ingraham, & Wilson, ), a narrative delivered via audio recording (e.g., Blank, ; Vornik, Sharman, & Garry, ), questions containing misleading presuppositions (e.g., Loftus et al, ), misleading pictures (e.g., Pezdek, ), or videos (e.g., Itsukushima, Nishi, Maruyama, & Takahashi, ). However, in the vast majority of research of this kind, misleading post‐event information was introduced impersonally (or indirectly, as Blank et al, , put it); that is, the participants were presented with some sort of material, usually written, and they had to familiarize themselves with it individually.…”

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confidence: 99%

The influence of social, para‐social, and nonsocial misleading post‐event sources on memory performance

Szpitalak

Polak

Polczyk

et al. 2015

Euro J Social Psych

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Misinformation encountered after witnessing an event is known to influence subsequent memory reports about this event. In most research, misleading information was introduced impersonally, for example, by means of a written description, but it is now well established that delivering it in a social interaction is effective as well. Less is known about the relative effectiveness of impersonal post-event misinformation compared with a socially presented one. The present research provides a direct empirical comparison between social, para-social, and impersonal methods of delivering misinformation. Results indicate that the way in which post-event information is provided does not affect the number of false recall items, source monitoring, or remember-know distinction, with a high Bayesian probability of the obtained no-difference effects. Results show that the social conformity factor does not significantly influence the impact of misleading post-event information. The paper also provides a theoretical comparison of the two effects.

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“…Third, research has shown that memory is unreliable and highly context dependent [27][28][29][30]. The way in which a question is phrased has the capacity to alter answers and memories.…”

Section: Complexity Sciencementioning

confidence: 99%

Concepts and Models of Safety, Resilience, and Reliability

Gao

Dekker

2017

Surgical Patient Care

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Approaches to safety have often considered the "human" factor in an organisation or operation as a major contributor to unwanted outcomes. The view of "human" as a problem leads to responses that involve trying to exert more control over people. While these may make intuitive sense for some, research suggests that such a view may not be valid as there are an enormous number of other factors (many of which are beyond control of the human at the sharp end) that are behind the creation of success and the occasional failures. This chapter begins with a review of normal accident theory, before using complexity science to fill out the problematic nature of the notion of "human error". It then discusses one of the prominent problems associated with complexity, safety drift. Lastly, this chapter looks at various proposed solutions (e.g. resilience engineering) by which a healthcare system can manage complexity and perhaps reduce the potential harm to patients.

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The effect of presentation medium of post‐event information: impact of co‐witness information

Cited by 7 publications

References 14 publications

Memory distrust and acceptance of misinformation

Memory distrust and acceptance of misinformation

The influence of social, para‐social, and nonsocial misleading post‐event sources on memory performance

Concepts and Models of Safety, Resilience, and Reliability

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