The effect of pressure on a plasma plume: temperature and electron density measurements

Singh, Nityalendra; Razafinimanana, Manitra; Gleizes, Alain

doi:10.1088/0022-3727/31/20/028

Cited by 34 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…7 A temperature value of about 11 000 K was measured at 2 mm from the nozzle exit of a 10 kW Ar (25 Nl min À1 ) sprayingtype torch with a 8 mm anode diameter. The effect of pressure on the temperature and electron density in the plasma jet of a 5 kW Ar/H 2 (15 Nl min À1 1% H 2 ) torch with a 3 mm anode diameter was experimentally investigated by Singh et al 8 using spectroscopic techniques. For a pressure of one atmosphere, an axial plasma temperature of about 11 500 K and an electron density of about 6 Â 10 22 m À3 were found at 4 mm downstream from the nozzle exit.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Langmuir probe diagnostics of an atmospheric pressure, vortex–stabilized nitrogen plasma jet

Prevosto

Kelly

Mancinelli

2012

Journal of Applied Physics

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Langmuir probe measurements in an atmospheric pressure direct current (dc) plasma jet are reported. Sweeping probes were used. The experiment was carried out using a dc non-transferred arc torch with a rod-type cathode and an anode of 5 mm diameter. The torch was operated at a nominal power level of 15 kW with a nitrogen flow rate of 25 Nl min À1. A flat ion saturation region was found in the current-voltage curve of the probe. The ion saturation current to a cylindrical probe in a high-pressure non local thermal equilibrium (LTE) plasma was modeled. Thermal effects and ionization/recombination processes inside the probe perturbed region were taken into account. Averaged radial profiles of the electron and heavy particle temperatures as well as the electron density were obtained. An electron temperature around 11 000 K, a heavy particle temperature around 9500 K and an electron density of about 4 Â 10 22 m À3 , were found at the jet centre at 3.5 mm downstream from the torch exit. Large deviations from kinetic equilibrium were found throughout the plasma jet. The electron and heavy particle temperature profiles showed good agreement with those reported in the literature by using spectroscopic techniques. It was also found that the temperature radial profile based on LTE was very close to that of the electrons. The calculations have shown that this method is particularly useful for studying spraying-type plasma jets characterized by electron temperatures in the range 9000-14 000 K. V

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Langmuir probe diagnostics of an atmospheric pressure, vortex–stabilized nitrogen plasma jet

Prevosto

Kelly

Mancinelli

2012

Journal of Applied Physics

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] The particular application addressed here employs an Ar/ H 2 plasma, in the form of a dc arc jet, for methane activation and subsequent chemical vapor deposition ͑CVD͒ of polycrystalline diamond. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] For completeness, we note that microwave-activated hydrocarbon/H 2 / Ar gas mixtures find even more widespread use for growing both CVD of single crystal, 21 microcrystalline, 22 and ͑at very low H 2 partial pressures͒ ultrananocrystalline diamond films.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] For completeness, we note that microwave-activated hydrocarbon/H 2 / Ar gas mixtures find even more widespread use for growing both CVD of single crystal, 21 microcrystalline, 22 and ͑at very low H 2 partial pressures͒ ultrananocrystalline diamond films. 23 In this and a subsequent article 24 we present a detailed and comprehensive analysis of the gas-phase chemistry underpinning the growth of polycrystalline diamond in a dc arc jet reactor operating with a CH 4 /H 2 / Ar mixture, involving a͒ Permanent address: Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement and modeling of a diamond deposition reactor: Hydrogen atom and electron number densities in an Ar∕H2 arc jet discharge

Rennick

Engeln

Smith

et al. 2005

Journal of Applied Physics

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Please check the document version of this publication:• A submitted manuscript is the version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website.• The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review.• The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers. Link to publication General rightsCopyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights.• Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research.• You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal.If the publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, indicated by the "Taverne" license above, please follow below link for the End User Agreement: A combination of experiment ͓optical emission and cavity ring-down spectroscopy ͑CRDS͒ of electronically excited H atoms͔ and two-dimensional ͑2D͒ modeling has enabled a uniquely detailed characterization of the key properties of the Ar/ H 2 plasma within a ഛ10-kW, twin-nozzle dc arc jet reactor. The modeling provides a detailed description of the initial conditions in the primary torch head and of the subsequent expansion of the plasma into the lower pressure reactor chamber, where it forms a cylindrical plume of activated gas comprising mainly of Ar, Ar + , H, ArH + , and free electrons. Subsequent reactions lead to the formation of H 2 and electronically excited atoms, including H͑n =2͒ and H͑n =3͒ that radiate photons, giving the plume its characteristic intense emission. The modeling successfully reproduces the measured spatial distributions of H͑n Ͼ 1͒ atoms, and their variation with H 2 flow rate, F H 2 0 . Computed H͑n =2͒ number densities show near-quantitative agreement with CRDS measurements of H͑n =2͒ absorption via the Balmer-␤ transition, successfully capturing the observed decrease in H͑n =2͒ density with increased F H 2 0 . Stark broadening of the Balmer-␤ transition depends upon the local electron density in close proximity to the H͑n =2͒ atoms. The modeling reveals that, at low F H 2 0 , the maxima in the electron and H͑n =2͒ atom distributions occur in different spatial regions of the plume; direct analysis of the Stark broadening of the Balmer-␤ line would thus lead to an underestimate of the peak electron density. The present study highlights the necessity of careful interco...

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“…All the measurements were carried out with a current of 35 A, a voltage of 35 V, a gas flow of 1.5 slm (Ar : 98%, N 2 : 2%) and a background pressure of 620 Pa. The choice of this mixture gas is due to the fact that plasmas containing molecular species are of interest in numerous applications [23] . Fig.…”

Section: Observation and Emission Intensity Of The Plasma Jetmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis of Electron, Vibrational and Rotational Temperatures in an Ar/N₂Shock Plasma Jet Produced by a Low Pressure DC Cascade Arc Discharge

Liu¹,

Zhang²,

Liu³

et al. 2013

Plasma Sci. Technol.

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In this paper, a low pressure Ar/N2 shock plasma jet with clearly multicycle alternating zones produced by a DC cascade arc discharge has been investigated by an emission spectral method combined with Abel inversion analysis. Plasma emission intensity, electron, vibrational and rotational temperatures of the shock plasma have been measured in the expansion and compression zones. The results indicate that the ranges of the measured electron temperature, vibrational temperature and rotational temperature are 1.1 eV to 1.6 eV, 0.2 eV to 0.7 eV and 0.19 eV to 0.22 eV, respectively, and it is found for the first time that the vibrational and rotational temperatures increase while the electron temperature decreases in the compression zones. The electron temperature departs from the vibrational and the rotational temperatures due to non-equilibrium plasma effects. Electrons and heavy particles could not completely exchange energy via collisions in the shock plasma jet under the low pressure of 620 Pa or so.

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The effect of pressure on a plasma plume: temperature and electron density measurements

Cited by 34 publications

References 25 publications

Langmuir probe diagnostics of an atmospheric pressure, vortex–stabilized nitrogen plasma jet

Langmuir probe diagnostics of an atmospheric pressure, vortex–stabilized nitrogen plasma jet

Measurement and modeling of a diamond deposition reactor: Hydrogen atom and electron number densities in an Ar∕H2 arc jet discharge

Diagnosis of Electron, Vibrational and Rotational Temperatures in an Ar/N₂Shock Plasma Jet Produced by a Low Pressure DC Cascade Arc Discharge

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The effect of pressure on a plasma plume: temperature and electron density measurements

Cited by 34 publications

References 25 publications

Langmuir probe diagnostics of an atmospheric pressure, vortex–stabilized nitrogen plasma jet

Langmuir probe diagnostics of an atmospheric pressure, vortex–stabilized nitrogen plasma jet

Measurement and modeling of a diamond deposition reactor: Hydrogen atom and electron number densities in an Ar∕H2 arc jet discharge

Diagnosis of Electron, Vibrational and Rotational Temperatures in an Ar/N2Shock Plasma Jet Produced by a Low Pressure DC Cascade Arc Discharge

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Diagnosis of Electron, Vibrational and Rotational Temperatures in an Ar/N₂Shock Plasma Jet Produced by a Low Pressure DC Cascade Arc Discharge