The effect of pressurized magma chamber growth on melt migration and pre-caldera vent locations through time at Mount Mazama, Crater Lake, Oregon

Karlstrom, L.; Wright, Heather; Bacon, Charles R.

doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2014.12.001

Cited by 25 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Recent thermomechanical models of caldera-scale magma chamber pressurization show uplift signals of ~1 km as systems progress toward eruption (Gregg et al, 2012). Existence of the dome during the formation of peripheral volcanoes along Lazufre since at least 400 ka provides further evidence that they could be related to zones of high stress at the margins of a large silicic chamber (e.g., Froger et al, 2007), and thus it seems increasingly likely that the peripheral volcanoes at Lazufre are genetically related to a single pre-caldera magmatic system (e.g., Lipman, 1984;Froger et al, 2007;Karlstrom et al, 2015). This is further borne out by our analysis of vent locations that show superimposed radial and circumferential fracture patterns spatially correlated with the observed uplift and topographic anomalies, consistent with long-term inflation (e.g., Walter and Troll, 2001).…”

Section: How Does Lazufre's Spatiotemporal Deformation Fit In With Oumentioning

confidence: 94%

Topographic constraints on magma accumulation below the actively uplifting Uturuncu and Lazufre volcanic centers in the Central Andes

et al. 2016

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Geodetic surveys of Volcán Uturuncu and the Lazufre volcanic complex in the Central Andes of South America reveal sustained surface uplift from magmatic intrusion at depth. However, the decadal timescales of geodetic surveys are short relative to the timescales of magma chamber growth. Thus, from geodesy alone, it is difficult to infer the deformation and hence magma accumulation history of these volcanoes. Here we combine data from InSAR, long-wavelength topography, GPS and high-resolution topographic surveys of lake shorelines and rivers, and lava flow morphology to constrain the spatial and temporal evolution of magmatism at Uturuncu and Lazufre. Near Uturuncu, dated lake shorelines show no evidence of tilting since ca. 16 ka, and we find no evidence of deformation in the long-wavelength topography. A lack of net surface displacement suggests that uplift related to a rising diapir must be less than a century old, or, more likely, magmatic inflation at Uturuncu is transient over millennial timescales and is therefore not recorded in the topography. At Lazufre, we also find no evidence for sustained uplift recorded in Late Pleistocene lake shorelines. However, the orientations of multiple dated lava flows suggest that the long-wavelength dome at the center of Lazufre's uplift has persisted since at least 400 ka. Additionally, we find that the radial distribution of volcanic vents at Lazufre, coupled with the presence of an apical graben, is consistent with experimental and theoretical predictions of magmatic doming. The dome's longevity indicates significant magma storage at depth, and therefore Lazufre is likely a highly evolved pre-caldera magmatic system. These two case studies demonstrate that combining geomorphic and geophysical data sets to extend the geodetic record back in time can help determine the style and magnitude of magma transport in volcanic systems.

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Section: How Does Lazufre's Spatiotemporal Deformation Fit In With Oumentioning

confidence: 94%

Topographic constraints on magma accumulation below the actively uplifting Uturuncu and Lazufre volcanic centers in the Central Andes

et al. 2016

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“…If such a transition from tectonic to magmatically dominated stresses occurred, crustal magma transport could be increasingly affected by the CRBG-imposed magmatic reservoirs (e.g., Karlstrom et al, 2009Karlstrom et al, , 2015 as has been hypothesized by Wolff et al (2008) for the CRBG, or stresses associated with surface loads from the lava pile (Burgess et al, 2017). Dikes in this scenario could be more easily affected locally by time and spatially varying magmatic stresses, but re-orient farther afield to a tectonic stress regime (Muller and Pollard, 1977).…”

Section: Implications For Time-evolving Stress Statementioning

confidence: 95%

The Chief Joseph dike swarm of the Columbia River flood basalts, and the legacy data set of William H. Taubeneck

et al. 2020

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The Miocene Columbia River Basalt Group (CRBG) is the youngest and best studied continental flood basalt province on Earth. The 210,000 km3 of basaltic lava flows in this province were fed by a series of dike swarms, the largest of which is the Chief Joseph dike swarm (CJDS) exposed in northeastern Oregon and southwestern Washington. We present and augment an extensive data set of field observations, collected by Dr. William H. Taubeneck (1923–2016; Oregon State University, 1955–1983); this data set elucidates the structure of the CJDS in new detail. The large-scale structure of the CJDS, represented by 4279 mapped segments mostly cropping out over an area of 100 × 350 km2, is defined by regions of high dike density, up to ~5 segments/km−2 with an average width of 8 m and lengths of ~100–1000 m. The dikes in the CJDS are exposed across a range of paleodepths, from visibly feeding surface flows to ~2 km in depth at the time of intrusion. Based on extrapolation of outcrops, we estimate the volume of the CJDS dikes to be 2.5 × 102–6 × 104 km3, or between 0.1% and 34% of the known volume of the magma represented by the surface flows fed by these dikes. A dominant NNW dike segment orientation characterizes the swarm. However, prominent sub-trends often crosscut NNW-oriented dikes, suggesting a change in dike orientations that may correspond to magmatically driven stress changes over the duration of swarm emplacement. Near-surface crustal dilation across the swarm is ~0.5–2.7 km to the E-W and ~0.2–1.3 km to the N-S across the 100 × 350 km region, resulting in strain across this region of 0.4%–13.0% E-W and 0.04%–0.3% N-S. Host-rock partial melt is rare in the CJDS, suggesting that only a small fraction of dikes were long-lived.

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“…Calderas formed in these environments tend to be both elliptical and fault-bounded. This association has led to questions regarding tectonic controls on magma accumulation, magmatic controls on strain localization, and syn-eruptive interactions between magma reservoirs and bounding faults (for example, refs 2 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ). These studies provide good evidence that the geometry of the magma reservoir controls subsidence and thus caldera geometry.…”

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confidence: 99%

Magma storage in a strike-slip caldera

et al. 2016

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Silicic calderas form during explosive volcanic eruptions when magma withdrawal triggers collapse along bounding faults. The nature of specific interactions between magmatism and tectonism in caldera-forming systems is, however, unclear. Regional stress patterns may control the location and geometry of magma reservoirs, which in turn may control the spatial and temporal development of faults. Here we provide new insight into strike-slip volcano-tectonic relations by analysing Bouguer gravity data from Ilopango caldera, El Salvador, which has a long history of catastrophic explosive eruptions. The observed low gravity beneath the caldera is aligned along the principal horizontal stress orientations of the El Salvador Fault Zone. Data inversion shows that the causative low-density structure extends to ca. 6 km depth, which we interpret as a shallow plumbing system comprising a fractured hydrothermal reservoir overlying a magmatic reservoir with vol% exsolved vapour. Fault-controlled localization of magma constrains potential vent locations for future eruptions.

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The effect of pressurized magma chamber growth on melt migration and pre-caldera vent locations through time at Mount Mazama, Crater Lake, Oregon

Cited by 25 publications

References 64 publications

Topographic constraints on magma accumulation below the actively uplifting Uturuncu and Lazufre volcanic centers in the Central Andes

Topographic constraints on magma accumulation below the actively uplifting Uturuncu and Lazufre volcanic centers in the Central Andes

The Chief Joseph dike swarm of the Columbia River flood basalts, and the legacy data set of William H. Taubeneck

Magma storage in a strike-slip caldera

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