The Effect of Preventive, Therapeutic and Protective Exercises on Hippocampal memory Mediators in Stressed Rats

Radahmadi, Maryam; Hosseini, Nasrin; Alaei, Hojjatallah; Sharifi, Mohammad Reza

doi:10.21315/mjms2016.23.5.4

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Many other and our previous studies demonstrated that exercise leads to improvements in the memory and DS time in normal and emotional stress conditions by changing some brain mediators. [ 10 11 13 27 28 ] Although some studies demonstrated beneficial effects of exercise on memory,[ 29 30 ] some researchers reported that forced exercise significantly impaired memory. [ 5 31 ] In this regard, our previous study demonstrated that synchronized exercise with emotional stress did not significantly improve short-, mid-, and long-term memory deficits in restraint-stressed rats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Crocin, Exercise, and Crocin-accompanied Exercise on Learning and Memory in Rats under Chronic Unpredictable Stress

et al. 2018

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Background:Stress affects brain functions and induces psychological disorders. Previous studies have indicated different effects of crocin and exercise on the improvement of memory in some types of stress. The present study investigated the effect of crocin, exercise, and crocin-accompanied exercise on learning, memory, and memory consolidation in rats under chronic unpredictable stress (CUS).Materials and Methods:Male rats were randomly allocated to different groups: control, sham, stress, stress-exercise, stress-crocin, and stress-crocin-accompanied exercise groups. The CUS and treadmill running were applied 2 h/day and 1 h/day, respectively, for 21 days. Crocin (30 mg/kg) was daily intraperitoneally injected to the rats and their behavioral variables were evaluated as a brain function using the passive avoidance test.Results:Results showed that the CUS significantly decreased learning and memory compared to the control group, while crocin alone and crocin-accompanied exercise significantly improved learning and memory compared to the stressed group. It was found that exercise alone caused learning but did not improve memory in unpredictable stress rats.Conclusion:The data indicated that unpredictable stress had very destructive effects on the brain functions. Furthermore, unlike exercise, crocin improved memory under unpredictable stress conditions. Overall, it seems that the beneficial effects of crocin-accompanied exercise on learning and memory were probably because of crocin, but not exercise.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, exercise timing has shown various effects on memory in normal and restraint stress conditions in rodents. [ 10 11 12 13 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Crocin, Exercise, and Crocin-accompanied Exercise on Learning and Memory in Rats under Chronic Unpredictable Stress

et al. 2018

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“…[ 22 ] The restraint stress was induced throughout the experimental period from 8:00 am to 14:00 pm each day. [ 21 23 ]…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Crocin on Learning and Memory in Rats Under Chronic Restraint Stress with Special Focus on the Hippocampal and Frontal Cortex Corticosterone Levels

et al. 2017

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Background:Chronic stress adversely influences brain functions while crocin, as an effective component of saffron, exhibits positive effects on memory processes. This study investigated the effects of different doses of crocin on the improvement of learning and memory as well as corticosterone (CORT) levels in the hippocampus and frontal cortex of rats subjected to chronic stress.Materials and Methods:Forty male rats were randomly allocated to five different groups (n = 8): Control, sham; stress (6 h/day for 21 days) groups, and two groups receiving daily intraperitoneal injections of one of two doses (30 and 60 mg/kg) of crocin accompanied by 21 days of restraint stress. Latency was evaluated as a brain function using the passive avoidance test before and one-day after a foot shock. CORT levels were measured in the homogenized hippocampus and frontal cortex.Results:Results revealed that chronic stress had a significantly (P < 0.01) negative effect on memory. Crocin (30 and 60 mg/kg), however, gave increase to significantly (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05; respectively) improved memory functions in the stressed rats. Furthermore, the CORT levels in the hippocampus and frontal cortex declined significantly (P < 0.05) in the stress group compared to the control. Only a crocin dose of 30 mg/kg was observed modulate significantly (P < 0.05) the CORT levels in the hippocampus and frontal cortex in the stressed group.Conclusions:It was found that the lower crocin dose (30 mg/kg) had more beneficial effects than its higher (60 mg/kg) dose on learning and memory under chronic stress conditions. Moreover, it was speculated that different doses of crocin act on different neurotransmitters and biochemical factors in the brain.

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“…Exercise, is a well-known strategy to increase BDNF brain levels, so it has been proposed as a non-invasive way to mimic the effects of direct BDNF administration over chronic stress. Radahmadi et al (2016) found that the hippocampal BDNF increases in response to exercise after a chronic stress protocol. On the other hand, Dief et al (2015) showed that animals that followed a 30 days swimming training program improved their performance in the T maze after being exposed to chronic stress and this enhancement correlated with upregulation of hippocampal BDNF.…”

Section: The Effect Of Chronic Stress On Bdnf and The Link To Psychiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Radahmadi et al (2016) tested the effect of exercise during the exposure to stressors (“protective exercise”). Unlike preventive and therapeutic exercise, no increment on BDNF hippocampal levels was found.…”

Section: The Effect Of Chronic Stress On Bdnf and The Link To Psychiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor: A Key Molecule for Memory in the Healthy and the Pathological Brain

Miranda

Morici

Zanoni

et al. 2019

Front. Cell. Neurosci.

953

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Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) is a key molecule involved in plastic changes related to learning and memory. The expression of BDNF is highly regulated, and can lead to great variability in BDNF levels in healthy subjects. Changes in BDNF expression are associated with both normal and pathological aging and also psychiatric disease, in particular in structures important for memory processes such as the hippocampus and parahippocampal areas. Some interventions like exercise or antidepressant administration enhance the expression of BDNF in normal and pathological conditions. In this review, we will describe studies from rodents and humans to bring together research on how BDNF expression is regulated, how this expression changes in the pathological brain and also exciting work on how interventions known to enhance this neurotrophin could have clinical relevance. We propose that, although BDNF may not be a valid biomarker for neurodegenerative/neuropsychiatric diseases because of its disregulation common to many pathological conditions, it could be thought of as a marker that specifically relates to the occurrence and/or progression of the mnemonic symptoms that are common to many pathological conditions.

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The Effect of Preventive, Therapeutic and Protective Exercises on Hippocampal memory Mediators in Stressed Rats

Cited by 6 publications

References 47 publications

Effect of Crocin, Exercise, and Crocin-accompanied Exercise on Learning and Memory in Rats under Chronic Unpredictable Stress

Effect of Crocin, Exercise, and Crocin-accompanied Exercise on Learning and Memory in Rats under Chronic Unpredictable Stress

Effects of Crocin on Learning and Memory in Rats Under Chronic Restraint Stress with Special Focus on the Hippocampal and Frontal Cortex Corticosterone Levels

Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor: A Key Molecule for Memory in the Healthy and the Pathological Brain

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