The effect of preweaning and postweaning housing on the behaviour of the laboratory mouse (<i>Mus musculus</i>)

Marques, Joana Montezano; Olsson, I. Anna S.

doi:10.1258/002367707779399482

Cited by 18 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The non-enriched non-infected group exhibited higher levels of allogrooming, corroborating the results of a study 42 in which mice kept in conventional environments expressed more allogrooming behaviors than mice kept in enriched environments. Similarly, we found that overall, infected mice exhibited less allogrooming than noninfected mice.…”

Section: Il-10 (Pg/ml)supporting

confidence: 85%

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Influence of environmental enrichment on the behavior and physiology of mice infected by Trypanosoma cruzi

Silva

Pinheiro

Azevedo

et al. 2017

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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Section: Il-10 (Pg/ml)supporting

confidence: 85%

“…A B C in non-enriched cages presented higher activity levels than mice kept in enriched cages 42 . The authors argued that mice explore cages more when no novelty is provided or maintain higher activity levels due to the impossibility of building nests or sleeping or due to increased attempts to escape from the cage.…”

Section: Il-10 (Pg/ml)mentioning

confidence: 84%

Influence of environmental enrichment on the behavior and physiology of mice infected by Trypanosoma cruzi

Silva

Pinheiro

Azevedo

et al. 2017

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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“…Specifically, females of these 2 strains (but not males) demonstrated significantly lower levels of thymocytes when living in an enriched cage as compared to the standard cage. In addition, the age at which the mouse is exposed to the enrichment and the duration of exposure may influence the effect on the animal . (p95)…”

Section: Effects Of Enrichmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental enrichment and mouse models: Current perspectives

Bayne¹

2018

Anim Models and Exp Med

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The provision of environmental enrichment to numerous species of laboratory animals is generally considered routine husbandry. However, mouse enrichment has proven to be very complex due to the often contradictory outcomes (animal health and welfare, variability in scientific data, etc.) associated with strain, age of the animal when enrichment is provided, gender of the animal, scientific use of the animal, and other housing attributes. While this has led to some suggesting that mice should not be provided enrichment, more recently opinion is trending toward acknowledging that enrichment actually normalizes the animal and data obtained from a mouse living in a barren environment are likely not to be representative or even reliable. This article offers an overview of the types of impact enrichment can have on various strains of mice and demonstrates that enrichment not only has a role in mouse husbandry, but also can lead to new areas of scientific enquiry in a number of different fields. K E Y W O R D Sanimal welfare, environmental enrichment, mouse behavior, research validity | INTRODUCTIONThe laboratory mouse is a ubiquitously used research subject whose genetics, anatomy, physiology, immunology, and behavior have been studied in detail for generations. Thus, it would seem that providing a housing environment that is species-appropriate would be a simple matter. However, it would be a serious mistake to approach mouse enrichment as a one-size-fits-all husbandry procedure. The laboratory mouse is still considered behaviorally similar to wild mice in many dimensions 1(p150) , though it differs somewhat from the wildtype ancestor in its behavior, with running behavior and open-field freezing behavior, and a general higher level of activity more evident in wild-type mice than the laboratory bred animals.2 Over decades of purposeful breeding, a variety of characteristics (eg, ease of handling) were either deliberately or inadvertently introduced into the behavior profile of the laboratory mouse. Today, the increasing trend in the use of transgenic mice has only amplified the diversity of traits being bred for, and thus, the potential exists for both extant and subtle differences in mouse behavior and their response to their environment.The behavioral breadth of the species may help to account for the fact that the literature is replete with contradictory findings and diverse conclusions about the potential benefits and unexpected consequences from providing enrichment to laboratory mice.Indeed, an argument has been made that enriched animals produce different results; enrichment may increase between-subject variability; and enrichment may reduce replicability across laboratories. 3(p47-48) A simple response to these arguments could be that animals should not be provided enrichment. But, a counter-argument has been made that, as expected, the enriched animal model is different in many ways from the animal model living in a barren environment. 3(p47) Indeed, it is not logical to accept the notion that --

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“…It is known that even subtle changes to the housing environment have long-lasting effects on neuronal structure, physiology and behaviour (Bayne, 2005;Benefiel et al, 2005;Marques and Olsson, 2007;Kulesskaya et al, 2011). Thus, performing within-litter and within-cage studies whenever possible is crucial to ensure that the changes in housing and fostering do not produce unintended artificial differences between experimental groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%