The effect of probiotic and synbiotic supplementation on appetite-regulating hormones and desire to eat: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials

Body Adiposity Partially Mediates the Association between FTO rs9939609 and Lower Adiponectin Levels in Chilean Children

“…For example, macronutrient–gene interactions might affect obesity phenotypes, potentially by regulation of FTO and IRX3 gene expression [ 54 ]. Recent research shows that adherence to a Mediterranean dietary pattern, higher intake of unsaturated fatty acids, whole grains, polyphenols and probiotics improves the inflammatory biomarker profile, including the elevation of plasma adiponectin [ 55 , 56 ]. Moreover, it is well known that physical exercise triggers a number of signaling pathways stimulating the production of the bioactive molecules, adiponectin among them, that exert beneficial health effects [ 57 ].…”

Mechanisms of probiotic modulation of ovarian sex hormone production and metabolism: a review

“…98 According to a meta-analysis, probiotic and synbiotic treatment reduced serum leptin concentrations in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, and prediabetes mellitus. 99 In animal experiments, interventions with Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidum reduced leptin gene expression in the colon of mice with colon cancer but did not affect serum leptin. 100 Lactobacillus rhamnosus induced an increase in the production of NADPH oxidase (Nox1) in mouse colon tissues, thereby inducing the transcription and production of leptin genes in gut cells and increasing leptin levels in serum and gut tissues.…”

“…129 Experiments show a link between probiotics and increased adiponectin. 99 Therefore, the increase in SHBG from probiotics may be related to plasma adiponectin and TNF-α levels (Fig. 4).…”

“…Current meta-analyses have demonstrated that probiotic intervention has a beneficial effect on leptin and adiponectin. 99 For instance, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG has been shown to increase the secretion of adiponectin and inhibit lipid deposition caused by a high-fat diet. 187 Moreover, studies have indicated that alterations in the gut microbiota can regulate adiponectin expression in obese mice.…”

“…However, a meta-analysis has shown an upward trend in plasma adiponectin following the probiotic intervention, with favourable effects observed in obese/overweight, T2D patients and NAFLD patients. 99 It is known that serum adiponectin is significantly decreased in patients with PCOS, which suggests the possibility that probiotics may produce unfavourable results. Therefore, the effect of probiotics on adiponectin secretion needs to be considered on a disease-by-disease basis.…”