The effect of processing on the structure and properties of carbon fibers

Edie, D.D.

doi:10.1016/s0008-6223(97)00185-1

Cited by 551 publications

(324 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…No evidence is available for this discussion, but a possible relationship between the transverse expansion and the strength and strain to failure of a lithiated fibre should be considered in future research. Another explanation of the results might also come from the tensile failure mode of CFs which is described by the Reynolds and Sharp mechanism [25][26][27]. When a tensile stress is applied to the fibre, the crystallites align until their movement is restricted by misoriented crystallites (carbon layers stacks linking crystallites parallel to the fibre axis) which will rupture prematurely and relieve shear stress.…”

Section: Discussion Of the Possible Mechanisms Governing The Strengthmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of lithium-intercalation on the mechanical properties of carbon fibres

Jacques

Kjell

Zenkert

et al. 2014

Carbon

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The effect of lithium-intercalation on the mechanical properties of carbon fibres. , 68: 725-733 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon. 2013.11.056 Access to the published version may require subscription. Carbon AbstractCarbon fibres (CFs) can be used as lightweight structural electrodes since they have high specific tensile stiffness and ultimate tensile strength (UTS), and high lithium (Li)-intercalation capability. This paper investigates the relationship between the amount of intercalated Li and the changes induced in the tensile stiffness and UTS of polyacrylonitrilebased CF tows. After a few electrochemical cycles the stiffness was not degraded and independent of the measured capacity. A drop in the UTS of lithiated CFs was only partly recovered during delithiation and clearly larger at the highest measured capacities, but remained less than 40% at full charge. The reversibility of this drop with the C-rate and measured capacity supports that the fibres are not damaged, that some Li is irreversibly trapped in the delithiated CFs and that reversible strains develop in the fibre. However, the drop in the strength does not vary linearly with the measured capacity and the drop in the ultimate tensile strain remains lower than the CF longitudinal expansion at full charge. These results suggest that the loss of strength might relate to the degree of lithiation of defectives areas which govern the tensile failure mode of the CFs.

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Section: Discussion Of the Possible Mechanisms Governing The Strengthmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of lithium-intercalation on the mechanical properties of carbon fibres

Jacques

Kjell

Zenkert

et al. 2014

Carbon

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“…Dan Edie at Clemson University has shown that the Leslie-Erickson continuum theory, originally developed for dynamic processes in nematic rodlike LCs, correctly predicts the transverse alignment of the disks and the radial texture seen in the carbonized fiber's cross section. 9 Most other problems involving the flow of this complex anisotropic fluid have not been treated quantitatively, despite the fact that, in practice, carbonaceous mesophase is almost always in motion. Even simple confined pools of pitch, when heated to their softening point, exhibit molecular orientations that are largely dictated by flow, which is driven in turn by convection currents and by the growth and migration of vapor bubbles.…”

Section: Manipulating Alignmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid Crystals and Carbon Materials

Hurt

Chen

2000

Physics Today

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Carbon atoms can be found in a variety of structures, including the tetrahedra of diamond, the stacked planes of graphite, and the celebrated fullerene spheres and nanotubes. The graphite family alone includes a rich variety of materials, ranging from pencil “lead” to interstellar dust to chimney soot, and from metallurgical coke to activated charcoal for water filtration to lightweight composites for aerospace components—such as the nose cone of the space shuttle, for which carbon composites were chosen because of their high strength at elevated temperatures.

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“…A diferença é que o fio é extrudado dentro de uma câmara de secagem onde o solvente evapora e o precursor precipita na forma da fibra. Caso a matéria-prima degrade na (ou próximo da) temperatura de fusão, é recomendado o uso da fiação a seco ou úmida [32].…”

Section: Fiação Ou Extrusão Da Fibraunclassified

“…A qualidade da fibra fica comprometida caso a etapa de termoestabilização seja efetuada rapidamente [32]. É preciso que a taxa de aquecimento do processo seja lenta, de forma que a T g aumente mais rá-pido do que a temperatura da termoestabilização, oxidando os grupos funcionais [17].…”

Section: Termoestabilização Da Fibraunclassified

Fibras de carbono a partir de lignina: uma revisão da literatura

Souto¹,

Calado²,

Pereira³

2015

Matéria (Rio J.)

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RESUMOOs precursores mais empregados para obtenção da fibra de carbono são a poliacrilonitrila, o piche e o rayon. Com o aumento da demanda de materiais compósitos leves e de alta resistência, a produção da fibra de carbono tem aumentado exponencialmente e novos precursores têm sido requisitados. A lignina, um material orgânico natural, tem sido estudada como possível candidata para a produção das fibras. Além de ser rejeito industrial e de biorrefinarias, as fibras de carbono obtidas com a lignina podem ter um custo mais vantajoso quando comparado com os demais precursores comerciais. Em decorrência da biodiversidade de vegetais na natureza, a lignina pode apresentar diferentes estruturas. O método de recuperação também é parâmetro que influencia diretamente na sua composição. Como as propriedades térmicas para extrusão são fortemente dependentes dessas e de muitas outras variáveis, muitas pesquisas têm sido reportadas utilizando lignina pura de diversas fontes, lignina modificada e com adição de plastificantes. As etapas de pré-tratamento, termoestabilização e carbonização/grafitização também têm sido avaliadas para conferir melhores propriedades mecânicas ao produto final. Não obstante serem muitas as condições para a produção da fibra de carbono a partir da lignina, resultados bastante promissores têm sido alcançados. As aplicações em diversas áreas estão diretamente relacionadas com o conjunto de propriedades mecânicas inerentes a ela. A fibra de carbono proveniente da lignina vem contribuir com inúmeros empregos no mercado, de maneira a baratear sua produção, minimizar a dependência de materiais fósseis e tornar sua manufatura ecologicamente sustentável. Palavras-chave: lignina, fibra de carbono, fibra verde ABSTRACTThe most applied precursors to obtain carbon fiber are polyacrylonitrile, pitch and rayon. With the increased demand of lightweight composites and high strength, carbon fiber manufacting has increased exponentially and new precursors are been request. Lignin, a natural organic material, has been studied as possible candidate. Besides being an industrial and biorrefinary waste, lignin-based carbon fibers have a lower cost compared to other commercial precursors. Because of the biodiversity of plants in nature, lignin can present different structures. The lignin extraction method can directly influence the composition. As thermic extrusion properties are hardly dependent on this and other properties, many researches have been reported using pure lignin from different sources, modified lignin and plasticizers addiction. Steps of pretreatment, thermostabilization and carbonization/graphitization have also been evaluated to give better mechanical properties to the final product. Nevertheless many conditions required to manufacture lignin-based carbon fiber, promising results have been achieved. The set of mechanical properties inherent to the fiber allows its application to different areas. Lignin-based carbon comes to collaborate on cheapening its production, minimizing the dependence of fossil mat...

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The effect of processing on the structure and properties of carbon fibers

Cited by 551 publications

References 44 publications

The effect of lithium-intercalation on the mechanical properties of carbon fibres

The effect of lithium-intercalation on the mechanical properties of carbon fibres

Liquid Crystals and Carbon Materials

Fibras de carbono a partir de lignina: uma revisão da literatura

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