“…Many schools and universities are now utilizing digital technology and multimedia to aid in visualizing difficul and abstract physics concepts (Rahim et al, 2022;Sunaryo et al, 2022). Furthermore, many physics teachers are adopting project-based approaches (Yanti et al, 2019;Widyaningsih & Yusuf, 2019;Santyasa et al, 2020;Makkonen et al, 2021) and problem-based approaches (Fauzana, et al, 2019;Pane et al, 2021;Kanyesigye et al, 2022a;Kanyesigye, et al, 2022b;Fonseca et al, 2022) to motivate students and help them better understand physics concepts.…”