The effect of pyrolytic carbon coatings on a gas-phase free-radical reaction, the pyrolysis of 1,2-dichloroethane

Holbrook, K. A.; Walker, Robert; Watson, W.R.

doi:10.1039/j29680001089

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“…This was determined by burning out and measuring the carbon oxides formed. The pyrolytic coke thus activated hydrocarbon cracking reactions and this can be attributed to the presence of free radicals which were actually detected by esr (Holbrook, et al, 1968). Also in our hydrocracking experiments coke deposition was observed.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

The Role of the Reactor Wall in the Thermal Hydrocracking of Polyaromatic Compounds

Slotboom¹,

Penninger²

1974

Ind. Eng. Chem. Proc. Des. Dev.

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With spargers of small orifice, water, acetone, and carbon tetrachloride display a laminar regime (with discrete bubbles). Only with water, however, is there a large laminar region. With all other liquids the gas flow was completely in turbulent flow a t superficial gas velocities above 4 ft/min.Of the liquid physical properties of density, surface tension, and viscosity, only density showed a significant effect on back-mixing and only in the 0.75-in. tube. The effect in the 1.8-in. tube was almost negligible. Nomenclature A = cross-sectional area B,D,H = constants C~G = heat capacity of gas CPL = heat capacity of liquidThe thermal hydrocracking of hydrindene (5OO0C, 80 atm) was found to be affected profoundly by the nature of the reactor wall. In a stainless steel (SS) reactor the conversion dropped and the selectivity changed while passing through the primary aging stage; aging of a gold-plated reactor resulted in an increasing conversion, starting from almost zero. In both reactors a steady state was established at essentially the same conversion and selectivity, which was not dependent on the s / V ratio of the reactor nor static or flow conditions. It is concluded that the a ring-opening reactions of indan, resulting in toluene and n-propylbenzene, are initiated and terminated at the aged reactor wall; the p ring-opening of indan leading to o-ethyltoluene is predominantly homogeneous and is not affected by the aged reactor wall.A rigorous calculation method for multistage multicomponent crystallization with equilibrium chemical reactions is presented. It can be used for designing multistage salting processes where different salts are in chemical and solid-liquid phase equilibria and are fractionally crystallized in different stages.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%