The effect of quitting smoking on chronic periodontitis

Preshaw, Philip M.; Heasman, L; Stacey, Fiona; Steen, Nick; McCracken, Giles; Heasman, P. A.

doi:10.1111/j.1600-051x.2005.00779.x

Cited by 124 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Eleven subjects successfully quit smoking for the 12-month period, while 11 smoked throughout this period. As previously reported, there were no statistically significant differences in the age, gender, duration of smoking, and baseline levels of the amount of smoking between the smokers and quitters (20). Figure 1 shows the mean probing depths (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 50%

“…Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Newcastle Research Ethics Committee and the Office of Responsible Research Practices at The Ohio State University. The study population, study design, and inclusion and exclusion criteria have been described previously (20). Briefly, smokers with a pretreatment diagnosis of moderate to severe chronic periodontitis who expressed a desire to quit smoking were selected.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Response of Subgingival Bacteria to Smoking Cessation

et al. 2010

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It has been demonstrated that smoking cessation alters the subgingival microbial profile; however, the response of individual bacteria within this ecosystem has not been well studied. The aim of this investigation, therefore, was to longitudinally examine the effect of smoking cessation on the prevalence and levels of selected subgingival bacteria using molecular approaches for bacterial identification and enumeration. Subgingival plaque was collected from 22 smokers at the baseline and 12 months following periodontal nonsurgical management and smoking cessation counseling. The prevalence and abundance of selected organisms were examined using nested PCR and multiplexed bead-based flow cytometry. Eleven subjects successfully quit smoking over 12 months (quitters), while 11 continued to smoke throughout (smokers). Smoking cessation led to a decrease in the prevalence of Porphyromonas endodontalis and Dialister pneumosintes at 12 months and in the levels of Parvimonas micra, Filifactor alocis, and Treponema denticola. Smoking cessation also led to an increase in the levels of Veillonella parvula. Following nonsurgical periodontal therapy and smoking cessation, the subgingival microbiome is recolonized by a greater number of health-associated species and there are a significantly lower prevalence and abundance of putative periodontal pathogens. The results indicate a critical role for smoking cessation counseling in periodontal therapy for smokers in order to effectively alter the subgingival microbiome.It is established that bacterial consortia within the subgingival microbiome play a critical role in the etiology of chronic periodontitis. Although tobacco smoking has been shown to preferentially enrich this microbiome for pathogenic species (26, 29), it is not known if smoking cessation is capable of reversing this pathogenic colonization, since current evidence is based only on cross-sectional comparisons of former and current smokers (10,25). A longitudinal examination of subgingival bacteria following smoking cessation would allow us to determine how the individual bacteria within this ecosystem respond to smoking cessation.We have previously shown, using a cultivation-independent, open-ended approach, that smoking cessation results in a shift in the subgingival microbial profile during recolonization following periodontal therapy (7). In order to identify the individual organisms that contributed to this compositional shift, it is necessary to use a targeted, sensitive, and quantitative approach to measure the levels of these species.Bead-based flow cytometry has recently been used to measure the abundance of target organisms in complex bacterial communities (24,28). This cultivation-independent approach is capable of simultaneously measuring the levels of several organisms, both cultivated and uncultivated. It also has a wide dynamic range; that is, it is capable of quantifying both the less numerous and the numerically dominant members of a microbial community.The goals of the present investigation were to ...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 50%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of Subgingival Bacteria to Smoking Cessation

et al. 2010

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“…35,36 These quit rates are much higher than population quit rates without health interventions. Furthermore, when multiplied by the number of attendees in dental practices, the public health impact of dentists' interventions could be enormous.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Curriculum survey on tobacco education in European dental schools

et al. 2012

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“…66,67 Both studies (one performed in the United Kingdom 66 and the other performed in Brazil) 67 conducted a 12-month prospective evaluation that assessed the adjunctive effect of smoking cessation on the nonsurgical periodontal therapy of subjects with severe chronic periodontitis. Preshaw et al 66 evaluated 49 smokers intending to quit smoking. All participants received non-surgical periodontal treatment and smoking cessation therapy according to their individual needs.…”

Section: Smoking Cessation and Periodontal Tissuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking and periodontal tissues: a review

et al. 2012

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The impact of smoking on general health has been widely studied and is directly related to several important medical problems including cancer, low birth weight, and pulmonary and cardiovascular disease. In the past 25 years, there has also been an increasing awareness of the role of cigarette consumption in oral health problems such as periodontal disease. Smoking is considered the major risk factor in the prevalence, extent and severity of periodontal diseases. This article will discuss the available evidence and provide the reader with an overview of the impact of smoking and its cessation on the pathogenesis and treatment of periodontal diseases.

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The effect of quitting smoking on chronic periodontitis

Abstract: Quitting smoking has an additional beneficial effect in reducing probing depths following non-surgical treatment over a 12-month period.

Cited by 124 publications

References 47 publications

Response of Subgingival Bacteria to Smoking Cessation

Response of Subgingival Bacteria to Smoking Cessation

Curriculum survey on tobacco education in European dental schools

Smoking and periodontal tissues: a review

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