The effect of radiotherapy on rectal cancer: a histopathological appraisal and prognostic indicators

Abstract

Despite that, other studies reported that around one-fifth of the cases will have no response to RT. Other workers reported that the contribution of neoadjuvant RT to pathological complete response in terms of survival was of limited or minimal benefit [8]. In view of the above changes, the real challenge in rectal cancer treatment is to identify patients who would fully benefit from the new treatment protocols which involve RT. The aim of this article is to present the different histological systems used to classify the response rate of the patients and to discuss the different types of biomarkers used to predict of the response of patients to RT/ chemoradiotherapy (CRT). RT Mechanism of Action Oxidative stress damage is extensive in cells exposed to ionising radiation. This damage mainly targets nuclear DNA through inhib-The management of rectal cancer is a major undertaking. There are currently multiple treatment modalities with variable degrees of complications. Radiotherapy (RT) is one of the more frequently used modalities either on its own or more frequently with chemotherapy mostly before the definitive surgery. The outcome of RT is unpredictable. RT has its serious side effects and there are no guarantees of its usefulness in all patients. This article outlines the effect of RT on the tumor, reviews the various staging systems of responses to RT and present recent evidence of which case is less responsive to such treatments to avoid unnecessary complications.

Current Trends in the Quality Assessment of Colorectal Cancer Practice and Treatment in South Korea during 2012-2017

“…However, additional clinical studies will be needed on the relevant number of resected lymph nodes according to the location of tumor with an improved survival in the future. There was no significant change in surgical mortality during the 6-year follow-up period, and a short follow-up period would limit the ability to analyze meaningful indicators [ 18 , 19 ]. However, in this study, we demonstrated the possibility of quality improvement by analyzing the indicators that were most correlated with surgical mortality and weighted them in the grading assessment.…”

Simultaneous Integrated Boost Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy for Rectal Cancer: Long-Term Results after Protocol-Based Treatment

“…The types of surgery and performance of a temporary ileostomy were determined by the surgeons. The pathological stage was recorded based on the American Joint Committee on Cancer 7th edition guidelines [ 23 ] and the tumor response was graded according to the tumor regression grade based on the criteria of Dworak et al [ 24 , 25 ].…”

Profile of Rectal Cancer Patients Undergoing Radiation Therapy in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital From 2016 Until 2021

“…Meanwhile, several of them have also undergone management that was nonoperative as well. Operative management such as total mesorectal excision has been one of the main management for colorectal cancer with curative indication thus explaining the reason that rectal cancer patients about to undergo radiation therapy have acquired operative treatment previously [5,17,18]. Of 109 patients in this study, 75 of them underwent radiation therapy for curative indications that would then be planned to be given both preoperative or postoperatively.…”