The effect of raindrop impact on the dynamics of soil surface crusting and water movement in the profile

Morin, J.; Benyamini, Y.; Michaeli, A.

doi:10.1016/0022-1694(81)90178-5

Cited by 130 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Entry of water into soil is often governed by the formation of a surface seal that follows the disintegration of soil surface aggregates and depends on the rain impact force and soil textural and structural properties (Betzalel et al 1997;Keren 1990;Shainberg and Singer 1988). For all practical purposes it has been found that infiltration through a surface seal is independent of the saturation state of the underlying soil matrix (Morin et al 1981). Any management practice that affects soil structural stability is liable to have an impact on the ability of the soil to withstand the slaking and dispersion action of rainfall, and consequently affect the likelihood of seal formation and the movement of water below the surface layers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of organic waste amendments on soil hydraulic properties and on water partitioning

Unc¹,

Goss²

2006

Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science

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Land application of organic wastes can lead to contamination of ground-and surface waters. The pathway taken by particulate contaminants, such as microorganisms, is entirely dependent on the partitioning of the incoming rain or irrigation water. The soil hydraulic properties are critical in determining the infiltration:runoff water-partitioning ratio. Components of the land applied organic waste can modify the soil hydraulic properties and thus alter this ratio. It was shown that liquid manure impacted matrix and macropore flow differently; favouring the later through obstruction of the former. In contrast solid manure favoured matrix flow over macropore flow thereby increasing the water storage in soil, which tended to reduce the likelihood of runoff. The relationships between soil hydraulic conductivity and soil textural and structural properties in repacked soil columns was unrelated to the relationships obtained for the same soils maintained in their natural undisturbed field state.Key words: organic waste, manure, soil type, hydraulic conductivity, water partitioning, transport, contaminants.Résumé : Le dépôt de déchets organiques sur le sol peut mener à la contamination des eaux de surface et souterraines. Le chemin pris par les contaminants particulaires, tels que les micro-organismes, dépend entièrement du partage des eaux de pluie et d'irrigation. Les propriétés hydrauliques du sol déterminent essentiellement le rapport de partage infiltration:ruissellement de l'eau. Les composantes des déchets organiques déposés sur le sol peuvent modifier les propriétés hydrauliques du sol et, ainsi, affecter ce rapport. Il a été démontré que le fumier/lisier liquide a un impact différent sur l'écoulement à travers la matrice et les micropores, favorisant ces dernières par l'obstruction de la matrice. À l'opposé, le fumier/lisier solide favorise l'écoulement à travers la matrice par rapport à celui dans les macropores, augmentant ainsi le stockage de l'eau dans le sol, ce qui tend à réduire la probabilité de ruissellement. Les relations entre la conductivité hydraulique du sol et les propriétés texturales et structurales du sol dans des colonnes de sol recompacté n'étaient pas reliées aux relations obtenues pour les mêmes sols maintenus dans leur état naturel non perturbé sur le terrain.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of organic waste amendments on soil hydraulic properties and on water partitioning

Unc¹,

Goss²

2006

Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science

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“…Also, it had been found previously that for saturated soil under rainfall, the IR measurements were not affected by the thickness of the soil layer in the tray, providing it was >0.02 m, because the seal is formed at the soil surface [Morin et al, 1981].…”

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confidence: 62%

“…[18] Because the rainstorms were applied to almost saturated soils, the decrease in the IR (Figure 1) was mainly a result of seal formation at the soil surface [Morin et al, 1981]. The differences among the IR values of the various soils ( Figure 1 and Table 2) suggest that the mechanism of seal formation and the seal structure differed among them, and that these differences resulted from differences in the soil properties (Table 1).…”

Section: Infiltration and Interrill Erosionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[3] On bare soils, raindrop impact breaks soil aggregates at the surface [Morin et al, 1981], and small particles are released. These particles can be transported by surface runoff and splash, and this process constitutes interrill erosion [Watson and Laflen, 1986].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These particles can be transported by surface runoff and splash, and this process constitutes interrill erosion [Watson and Laflen, 1986]. Simultaneously with the breakdown and dispersion of the aggregates by drop impact, a structural seal is formed at the soil surface [Morin et al, 1981]. This seal is characterized by greater density, finer pores, and lower saturated hydraulic conductivity than the underlying soil [Chen et al, 1980;Morin et al, 1981;Valentin and Bresson, 1992;Bielders et al, 1996;Wakindiki and Ben-Hur, 2002], and it simultaneously decreases the soil infiltration rate (IR) and increases runoff [Morin et al, 1981].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Soil mineralogy and slope effects on infiltration, interrill erosion, and slope factor

Ben‐Hur

Wakindiki

2004

Water Resources Research

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[1] Interactions between the effects of soil mineralogy and of slope gradient on seal formation, infiltration rate (IR), runoff, and soil loss were evaluated, and the slope factor (S f ) functions for various soils with differing mineralogy were examined. Three different soils, on slopes of 9, 15, 20, and 25%, were subjected to 80 mm of simulated rainfall. The final IR was !20.5 mm h À1 in a clayey kaolinitic soil and 15 mm h À1 in smectitic soils. The total runoff, as a percentage of rainfall, ranged from 24 to 18%, 65 to 43%, and 50 to 35% from the kaolinitic, clayey smectitic, and sandy loam smectitic soils, respectively. The total soil loss ranged from 0.32 to 0.45 and from 1.14 to 3.93 kg m À2 for the kaolinitic and smectitic soils, respectively. In all three soils, increasing the slope gradient increased the detachment of coarse particles (>0.1 mm) more sharply than that of small particles (<0.1 mm), especially in the smectitic soils. Combining these results with previous findings for six soils indicated that soils could be divided into two groups according to their S f values: (1) soils that contained smectite and were therefore dispersive and (2) soils that did not contain smectite and were therefore stable. For the former soils the regression S f = 0.47exp(7.7 sin q) defined the S f values significantly, whereas for the latter group a linear regression S f = 0.81 + 1.77 (sin q) was required. It was suggested that the difference in the S f functions was mainly due to seal formation enhancement by the smectite.

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Crusting effects on erosion processes under simulated rainfall on a tropical Alfisol

Bajracharya

Lal

1998

Hydrol. Process.

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Abstract:Sealing and crusting of soil surfaces have dramatic eects on water in®ltration into and runo from soils, thereby greatly in¯uencing erosion processes. This study focused on the eect of the initial stage of crusting on inter-rill erosion processes for a crust-prone Al®sol sampled from south-central India. Soil aggregates ranging from 2 . 4 to 8 mm collected from ploughed (PL) and naturally vegetated (NV) treatments were subjected to rainfall simulation under laboratory conditions. Runo from PL soil aggregates was 2±2 . 5 times higher, while percolation was 20±100% lower, than for NV aggregates. Soil wash and splash losses were 0 . 5±3 times greater for PL than for NV soil. Runo and inter-rill erosion were signi®cantly higher during the wet simulation run compared with the dry run. The results indicated that NV soil aggregates were more resistant to breakdown from raindrop impact and slaking, and subject to less rapid sealing, than PL soil. Total soil loss was in¯uenced most by initial aggregate stability and the extent of seal development. Splash and wash losses of soil both increased as a result of surface sealing regardless of soil condition for short (30±60 min) rainfall durations. High drying rates resulted in the highest crust bulk densities. Increased crust strength for PL soil compared with NV soil re¯ected the greater susceptibility of cultivated soil to surface sealing and crusting. #

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The effect of raindrop impact on the dynamics of soil surface crusting and water movement in the profile

Cited by 130 publications

References 6 publications

Impact of organic waste amendments on soil hydraulic properties and on water partitioning

Impact of organic waste amendments on soil hydraulic properties and on water partitioning

Soil mineralogy and slope effects on infiltration, interrill erosion, and slope factor

Crusting effects on erosion processes under simulated rainfall on a tropical Alfisol

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