The effect of raloxifene in association with vitamin D on vaginal maturation index and urogenital symptoms in postmenopausal osteoporotic women

Zeyneloglu, Hulusi Bulent; Öktem, M.; Haberal, Nihan; Esinler, İbrahim; Kuşçu, Esra

doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.11.112

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…This finding suggests that local administration is more effective than systemic administration. Zeyneloglu et al [ 39 ] studied the combined effect of raloxifene (60 mg; a selective estrogen receptor modulator for postmenopausal osteoporosis) and vitamin D (400 units) for 3 months on the vaginal maturation index and urogenital symptoms in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. The control group received a combination of risedronate (5 mg), calcium (600 mg), and vitamin D (400 units) daily for 3 months.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of vitamin D vaginal suppository on sexual functioning among postmenopausal women: A three-arm randomized controlled clinical trial

Sarebani¹,

Chegini²,

Chen³

et al. 2023

Obstet Gynecol Sci

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Vaginal atrophy, the second most common complication of menopause, can lead to sexual dysfunction. This study evaluated the effect of a vitamin D vaginal suppository on sexual function in postmenopausal women. MethodsThis three-arm randomized controlled trial was conducted between August 2019 and August 2020. The sample comprised 105 postmenopausal women who were referred to comprehensive health service centers to receive postmenopausal care. The inclusion criteria were as follows: (i) menopausal for at least 1 year, (ii) married, (iii) sexually active, and (iv) sexual desire. Participants were randomly assigned to three groups for 8 weeks of treatment: intervention (vaginal suppository containing 1,000 units of vitamin D3), placebo (vaginal suppository placebo), or control (no treatment).The main outcome measure was sexual function, which was assessed using the female sexual function index (FSFI) 4 times during the study (i.e., 1 month before the intervention, immediately after the intervention, 1 month after the intervention, and 2 months after the intervention). ResultsImmediately and 1 month after the trial, the intervention group had the highest FSFI score, followed by the placebo group, both of which were significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). At the 2-month follow-up, the intervention and placebo groups had similar FSFI scores (P=0.08), both of which were significantly higher than those in the control group (P=0.001 and P=0.03, respectively). ConclusionVitamin D vaginal suppositories were more effective at improving sexual function among postmenopausal women in the short term and appeared to prevent agingrelated sexual function decline in the long term.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of vitamin D vaginal suppository on sexual functioning among postmenopausal women: A three-arm randomized controlled clinical trial

Sarebani¹,

Chegini²,

Chen³

et al. 2023

Obstet Gynecol Sci

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“…Furthermore, VDR expression after oral HRT was more effective in increasing VDR than vaginal ET. suggesting that vitamin D improves vaginal atrophy, although changes in VDR expression were again not confirmed [18]. Freedman et al [19] reported that there were higher numbers of estrogenic vaginal cells after a high dose of 2,250,000 to 2,550,000 units of vitamin D in humans but did not report any information about VDR or other pathways.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

A comparison in vitamin D receptor expression during oral menopausal hormone therapy and vaginal estrogen therapy

Kim¹,

Lee²,

Kim³

et al. 2018

Clin. Exp. Obstet. Gynecol.

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Objective: The aim of this study was to examine vitamin D receptor (VDR) expression in vaginal cell and vaginal maturation index (MI) of menopausal women after hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Materials and Methods: The authors enrolled 60 healthy postmenopausal women at one year after diagnosis of menopause who had no history of HRT. The subjects were randomized into two groups in an open label fashion. The oral HRT group was treated with one tablet (two mg drospirenone, one mg estradiol hemihydrate per tablet) per day for four weeks, and the vaginal estrogen therapy (ET) group used one vaginal suppository (500 μg estriol per tablet) every day over four weeks. The authors evaluated clinical characteristics, Kupperman index, and vaginal pH before and after treatment. Vaginal epithelial cells were obtained by vaginal swab and prepared to determine the vaginal MI or VDR expression using immunocytochemistry (ICC) and immunofluorescence, followed by confocal microscopy before and after treatment. Results: The authors confirmed cytoplasmic expression of VDR in vaginal epithelial cells and that VDR expression was increased in the vaginal epithelium after both oral HRT and vaginal ET, although VDR expression after oral HRT was more effective in increasing VDR than vaginal ET. Conclusion: VDR expression in the vagina is affected by different types of HRT.

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“…Although the results of two included studies [23,27] and two excluded studies [15,37] showed improved superficial vaginal cells by using vitamin D, another study reported that vitamin D was not associated with menopausal related symptoms in menopausal women [29]. The Cochrane review reported that supplements of vitamin D and calcium may prevent hip or other types of fracture [38] and another study suggested that high intakes of dietary vitamin D and calcium may be modestly associated with a lower risk of early menopause [39].…”

Section: Agreements and Disagreements With Other Studies Or Reviewsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Vitamin D on the Vaginal Health of Menopausal Women: A Systematic Review

et al. 2019

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Menopause is associated with the onset of climacteric symptoms due to low estradiol levels, which may cause insufficient maturation of the vaginal mucosa. Vitamin D may regulate the growth and differentiation of cells that are adversely affected due to low estradiol levels, thereby restoring vaginal health. The objective of this systematic review, the first on this subject, was to investigate the effect of vitamin D on the vaginal health of menopausal women. PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases and reference lists of hand-searched articles were searched for published studies from February 2000 to November 2018. The selection criteria were as follows: randomized or quasi-randomized trials that compared the effects of vitamin D or related compounds, alone or with calcium, on vaginal health (growth and differentiation of epithelial cells, dryness, acidity [pH]) outcomes in menopausal women. The methodological quality of these studies was examined using the Cochrane tool checklist by two independent investigators, following which the data were extracted. Of six examined studies, two showed that vitamin D administration improved the growth and differentiation of vaginal epithelial cells, improved vaginal pH, and decreased vaginal dryness in menopausal women. Although the level of evidence for the effects of vitamin D on vaginal health is low in our study, we concluded that vitamin D may improve the vaginal health of women, especially during menopause.

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The effect of raloxifene in association with vitamin D on vaginal maturation index and urogenital symptoms in postmenopausal osteoporotic women

Cited by 9 publications

References 13 publications

Effect of vitamin D vaginal suppository on sexual functioning among postmenopausal women: A three-arm randomized controlled clinical trial

Effect of vitamin D vaginal suppository on sexual functioning among postmenopausal women: A three-arm randomized controlled clinical trial

A comparison in vitamin D receptor expression during oral menopausal hormone therapy and vaginal estrogen therapy

Effect of Vitamin D on the Vaginal Health of Menopausal Women: A Systematic Review

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