The effect of raw material composition of mixed carbonized canary shell and coal bio briquettes on caloric value

Abstract

The fuel consumption rate rises and is expected to increase continuously, causing fuel supplies to be depleted and this condition forces the community to find alternative sources of fuel such as bio-briquettes. The waste of canary shells is widespread in Indonesia and can be used as an alternative energy source of bio-briquette making. There is a need for study on the influence of raw materials bio-briquette mixture of coal and canary shells against the value of calories produced. Bio-briquette making in this study have been done using canary shell and coal with a composition: (250 gr coal/canary shell: 12.5 tapioca starch: 50 ml water). Before briquette making, the canary shell samples are pirolysed and a grain-size reduction is performed on both of coal and canary shells. Canary shell and coal bio-briquettes are made with four variations (types). The types of bio briquette are: type I of bio-briquette with a composition of 250 gr (coal) + 12.5 gr (tapioca starch) + 50 ml (water). Type II of bio-briquette with a composition of 250 gr (canary shell) + 12.5 gr (tapioca starch) + 50 ml (water). Type III of bio-briquette with a composition of 62.5 gr canary shell + 62.5 gr coal + 12.5 gr (tapioca starch) + 50 ml (water). Bio-briquette type IV consist of 93.75 gr (canary shell) + 31.25 (coal) + 12.5 gr (tapioca starch) + 50 ml (water). After preparation, all bio briquettes are analyzed to determine the caloric value. The results of the study shows bio-briquette type I has a caloric value of 5,539 kcal/g, bio-briquette type II produces the highest calorie value of 6,354 kcal/g, and bio-briquette type III is 6,020 kcal/g. Further more bio-briquette Type IV indicate caloric value of 6,096 kcal/g. Bio-briquette type IV is the most recommended in the utilization because of the goal of this study is to use canary shell as an alternative fuel.

High Potential Organic Feedstocks for Production of Renewable Solid Briquettes-A Comprehensive Review

“…In another study, Widodo et al, 2021 compacted carbonized Kenari shell and coal dust into composite briquettes using a simple push tool, with tapioca starch as binder; and were developed in four different mixing ratios between Kenari shell char and coal dust by maintaining binder concentration and water content as 12.5 g and 50 ml in all cases. Accordingly, bio-briquette type I was produced from 250 g of plain charcoal dust, followed by bio-briquette type II produced using 250 g of Kenari shell char.…”

“…Study related to their thermal properties outlined the CV of these briquettes as 23.18 MJ/kg, 26.59 MJ/kg, 25.19 MJ/kg, and 25.51 MJ/kg, respectively. Also, proximate composition of carbonised Kenari shell was calculated as follows: MC-1.92%, AC-3.83%, FC-66.46%, VM-27.79%, CV-28.41 MJ/kg (Widodo et al, 2021). Meanwhile, mixing carbonized canary shell and coal of particle size 80 mesh, in equivalent ratio with tapioca flour as binder yielded briquettes with a compressive strength of 10.110 kg/cm 2 , CV of 25.04 MJ/kg, and burning time as 1 hour 56 minutes (Widodo et al, 2019).…”

Energy and economic prospects from the utilization of sawdust waste as biomass briquettes in East Nusa Tenggara

“…In fact, sawdust can be processed into sound absorbers, bricks, alternative energy sources, powdered charcoal, lump charcoal, activated charcoal, soil conditioning, compost, composted charcoal, charcoal briquettes and so on. So that it can increase the income of industry players and maintain environmental balance [9], [26], [29], [47], [49]. Seeing the potential utilization of sawdust waste processing results, various alternatives for sawdust waste processing can be carried out with an analysis of economic feasibility as a determining factor for a clean production program [4], [39], [50].…”

Proximate and Microscopy Analysis of Coal in Tamalea Village, Bonehau District, Mamuju Regency, West Sulawesi Province, Indonesia

“…IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1134/1/012028 2 Many studies on Indonesian coal, especially Sulawesi and Kalimantan coal have been published in several articles, as well as on the characteristics of coal [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12], but the discussion of coal from West Sulawesi Province has received less attention.…”