“…Because aging is associated with declines in executive functioning (Braver & West, 2008;Hasher & Zacks, 1988;West, 1996), it stands to reason that older adults should benefit the most from offloading. However, Scarampi and Gilbert (2020) found that while both groups improved with reminders in laboratory settings, older adults did not show a significantly greater benefit than younger adults (see Henry et al, 2012 for a similar pattern using a Virtual Week task). Likewise, in naturalistic settings where older adults often do better than younger adults (referred to as the age-PM paradox), research has found that older adults sometimes report using fewer reminders than younger adults (e.g., Rendell & Thomson, 1993), and age benefits can be seen even after controlling for reminder usage or when instructing participants not to use reminders (e.g., Rendell & Craik, 2000).…”