The effect of red and blue uniforms on competitive anxiety and self-confidence in virtual sports contests

Autoeficacia para el aprendizaje de la investigación en estudiantes universitarios

“…The mean of self-confidence for the ability to conduct research (M = 13.57, SD = 3.54) places the sample in a relative consolidation which is interpreted as little hope for being effective in the development of research. Not feeling confident, the students tend to unbalance their interaction and rewards obtained when linked to the research process: 77.4% of the students show levels of self-confidence from relative to zero, which is alarming considering that it affects their self-regulation (Stajkovic et al, 2015) and, at the same time, when relating the cognitive and affective sphere, it predicts the academic success (Recours & Briki, 2015;Stankov et al, 2012).…”

Colour and emotion: children also associate red with negative valence

“…implying defeat) (e.g. Hill & Barton, ; Krenn, ; Recours & Briki, ; Ten Velden, Baas, Shalvi, Preenen & De Dreu, ). Taken together, these findings therefore argue in favour of the colour red being negatively valenced, conveying the notions of threat, dominance and danger.…”

How Red, Blue, and Green are Affectively Judged

“…These findings support Goldstein's () and Nakashian's () hypotheses that red is an arousing color because of its long wavelength. Concerning the affective valence of red, studies have revealed that red might endorse either a positive or a negative valence depending on the context: While authors revealed that red might elicit positive affect in the attraction domain (e.g., Elliot & Niesta, ), others showed that red might yield negative affect (e.g., fear of failure and worry) in the achievement domain (e.g., Elliot & Aarts, ; Recours & Briki, ).…”

“…However, other colors such as blue or green have also elicited scientists' curiosity, maybe because these colors represent visual characteristics of natural environment (e.g., ocean and forest). Research on these colors has revealed that blue might reflect the notion of dominance because some authors observed that wearing blue is associated with winning more contests than wearing white (Matsumoto, Konno, Hata, & Takeuchi, ; Rowe, Harris, & Roberts, ) and that blue might develop a sense of self‐confidence (Recours & Briki, ). Research has also found that green increases wellbeing, excitation, and enjoyment (Arkes, Barton, Cossey, Gainsford, Griffin, & Micklewright, 2012; Barton, Griffin, & Pretty, ; Kaplan, ; Briki, Rinaldi, Riera, Trong, & Hue, 2015).…”