The effect of reduction in numbers of ommatidia upon the brain of Drosophila melanogaster

Power, Maxwell E.

doi:10.1002/jez.1400940103

Cited by 102 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Richards and Furrow (1925) also reported that the inner glomeruli of eyeless mutant was contracted into a more or less shapeless mass. A similar but detailed study on heterozygous Bay females, Bay males, homozygous Bar females, and double-Bar males of D. melanogaster was reported by Power (1943), who found that reduction in ommatidia of the compound eye was correlated with reduction in the inner glomerulus, middle glomerulus and external glomerulus. Power (1946) also showed that there was a dependence of one sensory area upon another, for the normal volumetric development of the antennal glomeruli occurred only when there was full development of the optic glomeruli.…”

supporting

confidence: 75%

THE EFFECTS OF THE CEPHALIC COMPLEX UPON THE EYE DISCS OF <i>DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER</i>

Kuroda

Yamaguchi

1956

The Japanese journal of genetics

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UDC 575. 11: 595. 772. 4:611. 84. Many insects reach adult stage after passing through some metamorphic processes such as larval and pupal stages, which are hardly seen in other animals. A number of investigations in the field of physiology of metamorphosis showed that some of these metamorphic developments such as molting, pupation, or emerging were accelerated or inhibited by a qualitative or quantitative difference of hormones secreted from the central nervous system and other endocrine organs. In Drosophila, the destruction of many larval organs takes place with the organization of adult structures from the imaginal discs during the post larval and whole pupal stages. It stands to reason that the presence of the cephalic complex---involving the brain hemispheres, the ventral ganglion, and the ring gland--is very significant in the development of the imaginal discs. In the last century, Rabl-Ruckhard (1875) observed the blind worker of the African ant, Typhlopone, which was found to have no optic ganglia. Holmgren (1909) reported that reduction in the optic ganglion of the worker caste of the termite, Eutermes chaquimayensis, was accompanied by a corresponding reduction of the compound eye, and that the soldiers of this species have no eyes at all and the optic ganglia were completely absent.In Drosophila melanogaster, Kraf ka (1924), who studied the development of the compound eye, noticed that the optic ganglion of Bar mutant was seen to be less than half as great in diameter, compared with that of the normal fly. Richards and Furrow (1925) also reported that the inner glomeruli of eyeless mutant was contracted into a more or less shapeless mass. A similar but detailed study on heterozygous Bay females, Bay males, homozygous Bar females, and double-Bar males of D. melanogaster was reported by Power (1943), who found that reduction in ommatidia of the compound eye was correlated with reduction in the inner glomerulus, middle glomerulus and external glomerulus. Power (1946) also showed that there was a dependence of one sensory area upon another, for the normal volumetric development of the antennal glomeruli occurred only when there was full development of the optic glomeruli.As described above, many studies state that the character of the compound eye of adult insect is correlated with the cephalic complex. Therefore the size of the eye controlled by certain genes seems to accept some genic actions through the cephalic

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supporting

confidence: 75%

THE EFFECTS OF THE CEPHALIC COMPLEX UPON THE EYE DISCS OF <i>DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER</i>

Kuroda

Yamaguchi

1956

The Japanese journal of genetics

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“…Early studies on sine oculis mutants (Fischbach, 1983;Fischbach and Technau, 1984) demonstrated that lack of retinal innervation results in excessive optic lobe cell death, especially in the medulla, which is reduced to less than half of its normal volume without innervation (Power, 1943). Our analysis suggests that these earlier observations may be accounted for by a lack of glial migration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

An axon scaffold induced by retinal axons directs glia to destinations in theDrosophilaoptic lobe

Dearborn

Kunes

2004

Development

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In the developing Drosophila visual system, glia migrate into stereotyped positions within the photoreceptor axon target fields and provide positional information for photoreceptor axon guidance. Glial migration conversely depends on photoreceptor axons, as glia precursors stall in their progenitor zones when retinal innervation is eliminated. Our results support the view that this requirement for retinal innervation reflects a role of photoreceptor axons in the establishment of an axonal scaffold that guides glial cell migration. Optic lobe cortical axons extend from dorsal and ventral positions towards incoming photoreceptor axons and establish at least four separate pathways that direct glia to proper destinations in the optic lobe neuropiles. Photoreceptor axons induce the outgrowth of these scaffold axons. Most glia do not migrate when the scaffold axons are missing. Moreover, glia follow the aberrant pathways of scaffold axons that project aberrantly, as occurs in the mutant dachsous. The local absence of glia is accompanied by extensive apoptosis of optic lobe cortical neurons. These observations reveal a mechanism for coordinating photoreceptor axon arrival in the brain with the distribution of glia to multiple target destinations, where they are required for axon guidance and neuronal survival.

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“…Development of the lamina is tightly regulated by the projection of R axons. Failure in eye formation results in concurrent loss of the lamina, as in a normal brain, lamina neurogenesis is directly coupled to the arrival of R axons (Fischbach, 1983;Fischbach and Technau, 1984;Meyerowitz and Kankel, 1978;Power, 1943;Selleck and Steller, 1991;Steller et al, 1987). Both R cell differentiation and ommatidial assembly progress in a posterior-to-anterior direction across the eye disc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The highly ordered assembly of retinal axons and their synaptic partners is regulated by Hedgehog/Single-minded in theDrosophilavisual system

et al. 2006

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During development of the Drosophila visual center, photoreceptor cells extend their axons (R axons) to the lamina ganglion layer, and trigger proliferation and differentiation of synaptic partners (lamina neurons) by delivering the inductive signal Hedgehog (Hh). This inductive mechanism helps to establish an orderly arrangement of connections between the R axons and lamina neurons, termed a retinotopic map because it results in positioning the lamina neurons in close vicinity to the corresponding R axons. We found that the bHLH-PAS transcription factor Single-minded (Sim) is induced by Hh in the lamina neurons and is required for the association of lamina neurons with R axons. In sim mutant brains, lamina neurons undergo the first step of differentiation but fail to associate with R axons. As a result, lamina neurons are set aside from R axons. The data reveal a novel mechanism for regulation of the interaction between axons and neuronal cell bodies that establishes precise neuronal networks.

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The effect of reduction in numbers of ommatidia upon the brain of Drosophila melanogaster

Cited by 102 publications

References 21 publications

THE EFFECTS OF THE CEPHALIC COMPLEX UPON THE EYE DISCS OF <i>DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER</i>

THE EFFECTS OF THE CEPHALIC COMPLEX UPON THE EYE DISCS OF <i>DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER</i>

An axon scaffold induced by retinal axons directs glia to destinations in theDrosophilaoptic lobe

The highly ordered assembly of retinal axons and their synaptic partners is regulated by Hedgehog/Single-minded in theDrosophilavisual system

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