“…6 The TA 1996 has been a landmark legislative 1 These industries have been banking (Black and Strahan, 2001), electric utilities (Hendricks, 1975), telecommunications (Ehrenberg, 1979) and trucking (Hirsch, 1988;Rose, 1987), where wages, on average, were higher when firms were regulated and faced less competition, though such a finding was not observed for the rail sector (Hendricks, 1994;Macdonald and Cavalluzo, 1996). Recent theoretical models (Amable and Gatti, 2004;Blanchard and Giavazzi, 2003) and empirical analyses (Klein et al, 2003;Feldmann, 2008) come to the same conclusion, though other evidence (Robst and Turcotte, 1998) finds no impact of regulation on average wage levels.…”