The Effect of Reinnervation on Force Production and Power Output in Skeletal Muscle

Muscle Force and Power Following Tendon Repair at Altered Tendon Length

“…In the Tendon-Removed group, the tendons were noted to be under tension, and the toes were prominently dorsiflexed at the time of repair. The total tendon length change of 8 mm is approximately 50% of previously reported EDL fiber lengths [18]. Changes in muscle tension by altering tendon length were confirmed for each rat by methods used in human tendon operations, i.e., tension on the tendon at the time of repair, visible changes in postoperative joint position, and observing slacked muscle boundaries.…”

“…Measurements of the maximal force and power capacity were conducted using methods wellestablished in our laboratory [18][19][20][21]. The EDL muscle was surgically isolated from the surrounding muscle taking care to preserve the motor nerve and vascular pedicle.…”

“…During measurements of power output, the lever arm was programmed to move from a length representing 105% of optimal fiber length to a position of 95%, achieving an isovelocity contraction over 10% of resting muscle fiber length. Muscles were allowed to rest for 2 minutes between individual contractions [18,[20][21][22].…”

Reinnervation of the tibialis anterior following sciatic nerve crush injury: A confocal microscopic study in transgenic mice

“…Indirect measures of reinnervation following nerve injury include gauging muscle force and power production and assessing functional recovery using walking track analysis (Aydin, et al, 2004, Cederna, et al, 2000, Kobayashi, et al, 1997, Yoshimura, et al, 1999, Yoshimura, et al, 2002. These indirect measures of functional recovery, however, have limited sensitivity and vary not only with motor endplate reinnervation, but with cortical control of limb movement, post-operative stiffness, and the influences of a learning curve (Dellon andMackinnon, 1989, Nichols, et al, 2005).…”

“…These indirect measures of functional recovery, however, have limited sensitivity and vary not only with motor endplate reinnervation, but with cortical control of limb movement, post-operative stiffness, and the influences of a learning curve (Dellon andMackinnon, 1989, Nichols, et al, 2005). Previously described techniques for measuring muscle force and power require specialized equipment, depend on the quality of muscle being innervated, and take place in an ex vivo environment (Cederna, et al, 2000, Yoshimura, et al, 1999, Yoshimura, et al, 2002). …”