The Effect of Repeated Mating at Short Intervals on Reproductive Performance of Gilts

J, Mah; Je, Tilton; Gl, Williams; Jn, Johnson; Mj, Marchello

doi:10.2527/jas1985.6041052x

Cited by 18 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In pigs, artificial insemination with diluted semen reduces litter sizes but additional mating with a vasectomised male or administration of heatkilled semen restores litter size and improves farrowing rate (Mah et al 1985;Murray et al 1983).…”

Section: Post-mating Inflammatory Cascade In Mammalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seminal plasma and male factor signalling in the female reproductive tract

2005

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In mammals, insemination results in the transmission of seminal factors that act, in the female reproductive tract, to promote sperm survival, to "condition" the female immune response to tolerate the conceptus and to organise molecular and cellular changes in the endometrium to facilitate embryo development and implantation. These events are initiated when signalling agents, including transforming growth factor-beta and other cytokines and prostaglandins secreted by seminal vesicle and prostate glands, interact with epithelial cells in the cervix and uterus to activate cytokine synthesis and to induce cellular and molecular changes resembling a classical inflammatory cascade. The consequences are the recruitment and activation of macrophages, granulocytes and dendritic cells, which have immune-regulatory and tissue-remodelling roles that culminate in improved endometrial receptivity to the implanting embryo. Cytokines elicited by seminal activation have embryotrophic properties and also contribute directly to the optimal development of the early embryo. This review summarises our current understanding of the physiology of responses to seminal plasma in the female reproductive tract and considers the evolutionary significance of seminal plasma in influencing female tissues to promote the success of pregnancy.

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Section: Post-mating Inflammatory Cascade In Mammalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seminal plasma and male factor signalling in the female reproductive tract

2005

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“…Artificial insemination results in fewer live born offspring than natural mating (Skiervold, 1975), and since there is no reduction in fertilisation rate even after extensive dilution of semen, it is reasonable to propose that the difference is due to effects of seminal plasma acting on the endometrial and ovarian tissues. Interventions involving exposure to seminal constituents have met with some success in reducing early loss, for example mating with a vasectomised male or administration of heat-killed semen restores litter size and improves farrowing rate (Mah et al, 1985;Murray and Grifo, 1986), and addition of seminal plasma to sperm at artificial insemination is reported to increase conception and farrowing rates (Rozeboom et al, 2000). Pre-sensitisation of the uterus to sperm and seminal antigens in a previous oestrous cycle also increased litter size in gilts (Murray et al, 1983).…”

Section: Practical Applications In the Pig Industry And Future Directmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of semen on inflammatory modulators of embryo implantation

Robertson¹,

O’Leary²,

Armstrong³

2019

Proc

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Insemination transmits to the female reproductive tract constituents of seminal plasma that target uterine epithelial cells to activate a cascade of inflammatory and immunological changes. Experiments in rodents show seminal factor signalling acts to 'condition' the female immune response to tolerate the conceptus, and to organise molecular and cellular changes in the endometrium to facilitate embryo development and implantation. The active factors in seminal plasma are identified as members of the transforming growth factor-g family, with the relative balance of active moieties influencing the precise character of the female tract response. Experiments in rodents show that disruption of seminal plasma priming causes foetal growth retardation and changes in placental structure, with long-term consequences for the growth of the neonate. Recent studies indicate a similar physiological function and molecular basis for seminal plasma actions in the pig. In gilts, seminal plasma elicits an endometrial response characterised by recruitment of inflammatory leukocytes and induction of several pro-inflammatory cytokines and cyclo-oxygenase-2. The consequences are evident throughout the pre-implantation period of early pregnancy with altered leukocyte populations and cytokine parameters seen for at least 9 days. Exposure to semen also alters the dynamics in pre-implantation embryo development with an increase in the number of embryos and in their viability. Furthermore seminal plasma influences the temporal kinetics of ovulation, corpus luteum development and steroid production in the ovary. Dissecting the actions of seminal plasma may facilitate development of strategies to ensure maximal fertility and reduce embryo mortality in the pig.

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“…Research in these areas, therefore , may lift a biological constraint to poultry and swine production and elevate the efficiency of meat production by an estimated 5-20V0 in these species. Fredeen (1984) and Hunton (1984) (Jull 1952 (Walton 1984(Walton , 1986 (Mah et al 1985). In the pig, uterine capacity and survival of embryos seem to be the two most important factors in restricting litter size.…”

Section: B Nutrient Uptakementioning

confidence: 99%