The transport of embryos in mouse oviducts incubated in vitro was studied for 16 h. Successful embryo transport occurred in oviducts incubated from Day 2 or Day 3 of pregnancy, and the process was dependent on the availability of calcium from the incubation medium. This indicates that this phase of transport is a result of smooth muscle activity. Embryo transport did not occur in oviducts perfused from Day 1 of pregnancy.