The effect of residual interstitial elements and iron on mechanical properties of commercially pure titanium

Simbi, D.J.; Scully, J.C.

doi:10.1016/0167-577x(95)00204-9

Cited by 54 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Mechanical and physical properties of titanium and titanium alloys strongly depend on interstitial elements in solid solution, in particular nitrogen and oxygen [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. Their solubility in both the α and β phases of titanium is high and increases with temperature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lattice expansion of Ti–6Al–4V by nitrogen and oxygen absorption

Montanari

Costanza

Tata

et al. 2008

Materials Characterization

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The effects of nitrogen and oxygen absorption on lattice expansion of Ti-6Al-4V have been investigated by high-temperature X-ray diffractometry. Experiments have been performed on stress-free powder for its high surface-volume ratio and to avoid possible effects on diffraction patterns due to texture change and recovery of defective structures induced by the measurement cycle at temperature. Cell parameters a and c, measured at increasing temperatures up to 600°C, show linear trends with different slopes. As temperature increases, the cell volume expands and the c/a ratio changes. This is due to both lattice thermal expansion and absorption of oxygen and nitrogen. Part of the gas remains entrapped in the metal after cooling to room temperature causing a residual lattice distortion. Results have been compared with literature data obtained in analogous tests performed on bulk Ti-6Al-4V alloy both in vacuum and in inert gas atmosphere.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lattice expansion of Ti–6Al–4V by nitrogen and oxygen absorption

Montanari

Costanza

Tata

et al. 2008

Materials Characterization

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“…The reduced interplanar spacing affects the lattice parameter, which results in the reduction of the c=a ratio of Ti hcp structure. 10) Table 2 shows the lattice parameters and c=a ratio of the pure Ti and the modified Ti alloys. The c=a ratio of the pure Ti and the other Ti alloys except for Ti-Si alloy are approximately 1.587, whereas the c=a ratio of the Ti-Si alloy ranged from 1.581-1.584.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10) Oxygen in Ti is considered as a great grain growth restriction factor as shown in the Table 1. We investigated the change of oxygen concentration in the Ti when trace Al, V, Sn and Si elements were added before analyzing the effect of these elements addition.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grain Refinement and Hardness Increase of Titanium via Trace Element Addition

Lim

Lee

et al. 2010

Mater. Trans.

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The effect of trace Al, V, Sn and Si addition on the grain refinement, hardness, and lattice strain was discussed. From the results of variation in the average grain size, it was found that the growth restriction factor of individual additions is Si > Al > Sn > V in order of their magnitude. The c=a ratio of other Ti alloys except for the Ti-Si alloy were the same value of 1.587 as pure Ti, whereas that of the Ti-Si alloy was 1.581, the lattice strain of which affected the hardness increase. It was then suggested that Si addition to pure Ti plays an important role in the hardness increase, which can be explained by the lattice strain caused by c=a ratio reduction, the decrease in the grain size of Ti-Si alloy, and the formation of Ti silicide at higher Si content.

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“…For example, the yield strength of high-purity titanium (99.99 %) increases from about 322 MPa for low iron commercially pure titanium to about 420 MPa with an increase in oxygen content from 2100 ppm to 2900 ppm. 6 Eventually, at oxygen levels of about 0.25% the ductility and toughness decreases rapidly to the point where the titanium-oxygen alloy loses its structural materials capabilities. Hydrogen, while limited in solubility to about 1% at room temperature, diffuses orders of magnitude faster than other interstitial elements and readily forms hydrides that negatively impact mechanical properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insight into point defects and impurities in titanium from first principles

et al. 2018

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Titanium alloys find extensive use in the aerospace and biomedical industries due to a unique combination of strength, density, and corrosion resistance. Decades of mostly experimental research has led to a large body of knowledge of the processing-microstructure-properties linkages. But much of the existing understanding of point defects that play a significant role in the mechanical properties of titanium is based on semi-empirical rules. In this work, we present the results of a detailed self-consistent first-principles study that was developed to determine formation energies of intrinsic point defects including vacancies, self-interstitials, and extrinsic point defects, such as, interstitial and substitutional impurities/dopants. We find that most elements, regardless of size, prefer substitutional positions, but highly electronegative elements, such as C, N, O, F, S, and Cl, some of which are common impurities in Ti, occupy interstitial positions.

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The effect of residual interstitial elements and iron on mechanical properties of commercially pure titanium

Cited by 54 publications

References 3 publications

Lattice expansion of Ti–6Al–4V by nitrogen and oxygen absorption

Lattice expansion of Ti–6Al–4V by nitrogen and oxygen absorption

Grain Refinement and Hardness Increase of Titanium via Trace Element Addition

Insight into point defects and impurities in titanium from first principles

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