The Effect of Restrictive and Compensatory Growth on the Incidence of Leg Abnormalities and Performance of Commercial Male Turkeys

Hester, Patricia Y.; Krueger, K. K.; Jackson, Mark

doi:10.3382/ps.0691731

Cited by 28 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Recent studies conducted in Switzerland have reported a similar TD incidence to that reported in the present experiment (Reinmann et al, 1995). Some earlier studies have shown a lower prevalence: Poulos (1978) reported an incidence of 51% in non-lame and 86% in lame turkeys and a range from 10 to 30% was reported in a number of experiments (Hester et al, 1983(Hester et al, , 1990Ferket and Sell, 1989;Hester and Ferket, 1998). Walser et al (1982) reported an overall prevalence of 79% in 5 lines of turkeys that weighed about two-thirds of the line used in this experiment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Role of dietary calcium and available phosphorus in the aetiology of tibial dyschondroplasia in growing turkeys

Hocking

Wilson²,

Dick³

et al. 2002

British Poultry Science

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1. Large White male turkeys from a heavy commercial male-line were fed 16 diets containing 4 concentrations of calcium (6, 10, 14 and 18 g/kg) and available phosphorus (3, 5, 7 and 9 g/kg) in a 4 x 4 factorial experiment. There were three replicates (pens) of each treatment and the skeletal health, morphology and mineral status of 4 turkeys from each pen were assessed at 7, 10 and 13 weeks of age. 2. The prevalence of tibial dyschondroplasia increased after 7 weeks of age and was present in 50 and 71% of turkeys respectively at 10 and 13 weeks. The lesion was localised in the caudal aspect of the proximal tibiae. Dietary calcium and available phosphorus did not affect the prevalence of the lesion except in turkeys on the diet containing 6 g calcium/kg, where body weight and the incidence of tibial dyschondroplasia were low. 3. Histological investigation showed no evidence of rachitic changes. 4. Low dietary calcium was associated with lower tibial plateau angles at 10 and 13 weeks of age. Tibial torsion and the angle of rotation were not affected by dietary treatments or age. Tibial torsion and the angle of rotation were not affected by dietary treatments or age. 5. Increasing dietary calcium increased tibial radiodensity, cortical density and the widths of the cortex and proximal tibiotarsus. Radiodensities increased to 10 weeks and were significantly lower at 13 weeks of age. 6. Bone ash, calcium and phosphorus declined with age, particularly between 10 and 13 weeks, whereas bone calcium: phosphorus ratios were not affected by dietary treatment or age. 7. Dietary calcium was positively associated with blood calcium and calcium ion concentrations and was without effect on blood phosphorus. Available phosphorus was associated positively with increased blood phosphorus and lower calcium ion concentrations but had no effect on total calcium. Alkaline phosphatase activity was low at high concentrations of dietary calcium with low available phosphorus and there was higher activity on diets containing low calcium and high available phosphorus.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Role of dietary calcium and available phosphorus in the aetiology of tibial dyschondroplasia in growing turkeys

Hocking

Wilson²,

Dick³

et al. 2002

British Poultry Science

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“…Food restriction has been used as an alternative management procedure to reduce the overall incidence of leg abnormalities in broiler chickens (Ferket and Sell, 1989a;Hester et al, 1990;Robinson et al 1992;Kirn and Firman, 1993). However, food restriction could change long bone characteristics over the growing period of broiler chickens.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of these procedures involves early food restriction, with subsequent compensatory growth allowing the birds to reach the heavy market weights needed for deboning (Lilburn, 1994). Several studies carried out to investigate the impact of nutrient restriction on leg abnormalities have concluded that the reduction in leg problems was probably associated with lower body weight or increased activity in birds at a critical stage in leg bone development (Ferket and Sell, 1989a,b;Hester et al, 1990). Other workers have reported that longterm or short-term protein restriction affects linear or appositional bone growth in different ways (Hurwitz et al, 1992;Turner and Lilburn, 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Influence of early quantitative food restriction on long bone growth at different environmental temperatures in broiler chickens

Bruno

Furlan

Malheiros

et al. 2000

British Poultry Science

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1. This investigation was carried out to study the influence of early quantitative food restriction (40% of ad libitum intake from 7 to 14 d of age) and environmental rearing temperature (thermoneutral, cold and hot) on long bone (tibia, femur and humerus) development in broiler chickens. 2. Tibia, femur and humerus were obtained at the ages of 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 d, and the variables studied were: length and width (mm, expressed as absolute values), bone breaking strength (kgf) and bone weight/bone length index (BW/BL, mg/mm). 3. All bone variables increased with bird age. Food restriction reduced bone length and width but did not affect bone weight. High environmental rearing temperature reduced bone length and width at 42 d of age. Bone strength was not affected by environmental temperature but the calculated BW/BL index was reduced by heat exposure. 4. The findings suggest that food restriction and high environmental rearing temperature reduce long bone growth; bone breaking strength was affected by bird age but not by food restriction nor rearing ambient temperature.

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“…Specifically, dietary protein levels of 60, 70, or 80% of the National Research Council's (NRC, 1984) recommended levels did not result in compensatory growth (Ferket and Sell, 1989a), and carcass quality and yield were unaffected with the exception of the 60% protein diet in which breast muscle was decreased (Ferket and Sell, 1989b). Hester et al (1990) reported that feeding a large strain of male turkeys a diet low in protein and AA (74% of controls) from 6 to 12 wk of age, with a return to control rations from 12 to 20 wk of age, resulted in compensatory growm by market age of 20 wk. Advantages of feeding this low compensatory plane diet, as compared with feeding the control diet, included a lower incidence (P<.06) of leg abnormalities (mainly valgusvarus deformities) and improved protein to weight gain ratios which should lead to lower feed cost (Hester et al, 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The Effect of Compensatory Growth on Carcass Characteristics of Male Turkeys

1990

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Male turkeys were fed for ad libitum intake dietary levels of protein and amino acids at 74% of controls from 6 to 12 wk of age. The treatment in which birds were returned to control rations from 12 to 20 wk of age was designated as the low compensatory plane dietary regimen. Turkeys given diets with protein and amino acids at levels 20% above those in control diets from 13 to 20 wk of age were referred to as the high compensatory plane dietary regimen. By 20 wk of age, realimentation had successfully resulted in live body weights comparable with those of controls, but carcass weights were significantly lower in birds fed the low and high compensatory plane diets. Percentage yield of drums, wings, shell, as well as skin and fat did not differ among dietary treatments. Lowered protein and amino acid consumption from 6 to 12 wk of age caused lighter breast and breast muscle weights at 20 wk of age. The percentage yield of breast and breast muscle declined, and thigh and thigh muscle increased for the birds fed the low compensatory plane diet when compared with the controls. The birds fed the low compensatory plane diet were placing a greater proportion of their weight gains during realimentation on thigh muscle rather than breast muscle deposition. Compensatory growth did not affect the absolute length or width of the tarsometatarsus or testes weights at 20 wk of age.

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The Effect of Restrictive and Compensatory Growth on the Incidence of Leg Abnormalities and Performance of Commercial Male Turkeys

Cited by 28 publications

References 18 publications

Role of dietary calcium and available phosphorus in the aetiology of tibial dyschondroplasia in growing turkeys

Role of dietary calcium and available phosphorus in the aetiology of tibial dyschondroplasia in growing turkeys

Influence of early quantitative food restriction on long bone growth at different environmental temperatures in broiler chickens

The Effect of Compensatory Growth on Carcass Characteristics of Male Turkeys

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