The Effect of Retarded Growth Upon the Length of Life Span and Upon the Ultimate Body Size

McCay, C. M.; Crowell, Mary F.; Maynard, L. A.

doi:10.1093/jn/10.1.63

Cited by 1,932 publications

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“…This treatment is the most common manipulation in the study of aging and was first described for rats in 1935 (McCay et al 1935). The degree of life span extension is linearly related to the amount of CR in both rats (Merry 2002) and mice (Weindruch et al 1986), but the precise mechanism by which CR extends longevity is not known (Masoro 2002).…”

Section: Longevity Variation Within Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Explaining longevity of different animals: is membrane fatty acid composition the missing link?

Hulbert

2008

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Saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids are very resistant to peroxidative damage, while the more polyunsaturated a fatty acid, the more susceptible it is to peroxidation. Furthermore, the products of lipid peroxidation can oxidatively damage other important molecules. Membrane fatty acid composition is correlated with the maximum lifespans of mammals and birds. Exceptionally long-living mammal species and birds have a more peroxidation-resistant membrane composition compared to shorter-living similar-sized mammals. Within species, there are also situations in which extended longevity is associated with peroxidation-resistant membrane composition. For example, caloric restriction is associated more peroxidation-resistant membrane composition; long-living queens have more peroxidation-resistant membranes than shorter-living worker honeybees. In humans, the offspring of nonagenarians have peroxidation-resistant erythrocyte membrane composition compared to controls. Membrane fatty acid composition is a little appreciated but important correlate of the rate of aging of animals and the determination of their longevity.

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Section: Longevity Variation Within Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Explaining longevity of different animals: is membrane fatty acid composition the missing link?

Hulbert

2008

AGE

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“…1 More recent studies have shown that caloric restriction extends the lifespan in organisms ranging from yeast to rodents and possibly primates. 2 This increase in lifespan has been associated with an increase in SIR2 activity in yeast.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low Sirt1 expression, which is upregulated by fasting, in human adipose tissue from obese women

et al. 2008

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Objective: Calorie restriction increases the life span in a number of different organisms. This effect is dependent upon activation of the Sirt1 enzyme, and many of the beneficial effects of calorie restriction can be mimicked using resveratrol, which activates the Sirt1 enzyme. Nothing is known about this system in human adipose tissue; therefore, we investigated this system in human adipose tissue. Design: Sirt1 mRNA was measured in adipose tissue biopsies from human volunteers before and after 6 days of total fasting. In addition, adipose tissue from lean and obese individuals was compared and in vitro investigations were performed. Results: Long-term total fasting (6 days) of nine human volunteers increased Sirt1 mRNA expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue more than twofold (0.197-0.454 arbitrary units, Po0.05). Likewise, lean women (n ¼ 12) had more than twofold higher Sirt1 expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue compared to obese women (n ¼ 12; 0.33-0.73 arbitrary units, Po0.05). Sirt1 was equally expressed in the stroma-vascular fraction and the isolated adipocyte fraction. Finally, in vitro, we demonstrated that resveratrol (a Sirt1 activator) significantly enhanced the lipolytic effect of epinephrine in human adipose tissue (Po0.05). Conclusion: Human adipose tissue contains Sirt1 and the expression of Sirt1 can be regulated by calorie restriction as in other species. Furthermore, we demonstrated that resveratrol affects human fat-cell metabolism similar to the effects in rodents (that is, increased epinephrine induced lipolysis). These findings indicated that the beneficial effects of calorie restriction in humans might involve the activation of Sirt1. Thus, based on these findings, we propose that Sirt1 might play important roles for the beneficial effects of calorie restriction in humans.

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“…Par ailleurs, nous présen-tons le potentiel de développement de molécules qui miment les effets bénéfiques constatés de la restriction calorique, permettant ainsi d'en reproduire les effets positifs, déjà constatés chez certaines espèces, sans imposer un régime hypocalorique. < première étude menée chez le rat par McCay et al [1] met en évidence qu'une restriction calorique de 40 % au moment du sevrage entraîne une augmentation de l'espérance de vie chez les animaux restreints. Les conclusions de cette étude ont agi comme un véritable promoteur puisque de nombreuses études ont alors vu le jour chez d'autres espèces animales.…”

Section: Médecine/sciencesunclassified

La restriction calorique chez les primates

2012

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The Effect of Retarded Growth Upon the Length of Life Span and Upon the Ultimate Body Size

Cited by 1,932 publications

References 3 publications

Explaining longevity of different animals: is membrane fatty acid composition the missing link?

Explaining longevity of different animals: is membrane fatty acid composition the missing link?

Low Sirt1 expression, which is upregulated by fasting, in human adipose tissue from obese women

La restriction calorique chez les primates

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