2023
DOI: 10.1002/acp.4141
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The effect of retrieval practice on fluently retrieving multiplication facts in an authentic elementary school setting

Fieke H. A. Ophuis‐Cox,
Leen Catrysse,
Gino Camp

Abstract: Fluently retrieving simple multiplication facts leads to an improvement of overall math scores. In the current study, we investigated how to best reach this fluency in an authentic elementary school setting. We compared the short‐term and long‐term effects of the learning strategies retrieval practice (using flashcards) to a restudy control condition (chanting multiplication facts out loud) on multiplication fact fluency. Forty‐eight second‐grade pupils received an instruction lesson and attended three spaced … Show more

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Cited by 4 publications
(5 citation statements)
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“…Teachers and pupils use a variety of methods for multiplication learning, some of which are known to be more effective than others. Methods that rely on passive study, such as having learners look at a multiplication table written down or listen to a recording, often work less well than methods that require the learner to actively process the material, such as practising with flashcards (Steel & Funnell, 2001;Ophuis-Cox, Catrysse, & Camp, 2023). As we have written about before, even if we know how we should be studying, it can be difficult to bring proven study methods into practice.…”
Section: Learning Multiplicationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Teachers and pupils use a variety of methods for multiplication learning, some of which are known to be more effective than others. Methods that rely on passive study, such as having learners look at a multiplication table written down or listen to a recording, often work less well than methods that require the learner to actively process the material, such as practising with flashcards (Steel & Funnell, 2001;Ophuis-Cox, Catrysse, & Camp, 2023). As we have written about before, even if we know how we should be studying, it can be difficult to bring proven study methods into practice.…”
Section: Learning Multiplicationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…For example, many learners report using methods that involve passive study, such as listening to recordings or looking at the multiplication tables written down (e.g., Steel & Funnell, 2001). Such methods are most likely less efficient than active study methods, like reciting multiplication tables out loud or answering prompts (Ophuis-Cox, Catrysse, & Camp, 2023). Methods that impose a fixed structure on practice are also likely to be less effective than adaptive methods: when multiplication tables are studied in a fixed order, each individual problem is practised an equal number of times, despite some problems typically requiring more practice to master than others (e.g., Van Der Ven, Straatemeier, Jansen, Klinkenberg, & Van Der Maas, 2015).…”
Section: Learning Multiplicationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The application centres on learning multiplications through adaptive spaced retrieval practice. Retrieval practice is recognised for its efficacy within different domains, including in classroom environments (Schwartz, Son, Kornell, & Finn, 2011;Agarwal, Nunes, & Blunt, 2021), and there is some early evidence for its efficacy in learning multiplication facts, too (Ophuis-Cox et al, 2023). The adaptive core of the application has previously been demonstrated to be an efficient tool for learning various types of declarative material, such as vocabulary items and place names (e.g., van Rijn, van Maanen, & van Woudenberg, 2009;Wilschut et al, 2021).…”
Section: Current Studymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Memory retrieval is considered as a strategy that can easily achieve high accuracy and high speed of calculation ( Steel and Funnell, 2001 ; Ophuis-Cox et al, 2023 ). As evident from the previous discussion, the difficulty in memory retrieval is related to associative strength and interference.…”
Section: Literature Reviewmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Therefore, it can be inferred that the persistent errors made by students are attributed to weak associations between equations and correct answers, coupled with interference from incorrect answers. To facilitate a more accurate and dexterous application of memory retrieval strategies, effective learning strategies or methods are required to guide children to encode arithmetic facts in long-term memory ( Adesope et al, 2017 ; Agarwal et al, 2021 ; Ophuis-Cox et al, 2023 ). This study exactly employs a schema-based method to assist them in achieving this and investigates its specific effects on rectifying persistent errors.…”
Section: Literature Reviewmentioning
confidence: 99%