The effect of room temperature ionic liquids on the selective biocatalytic hydrolysis of chitin via sequential or simultaneous strategies

Husson, Éric; Hadad, Caroline; Huet, Gaël; Laclef, Sylvain; Lesur, David; Lambertyn, Virginie; Jamali, Arash; Gottis, Sébastien; Sarazin, Catherine; Nhien, Albert Nguyen Van

doi:10.1039/c7gc01471f

Cited by 90 publications

(55 citation statements)

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“…This methodology enables the direct conversion of at least 40 % of its chitin content into the GlcNAc monomer. The benefits of RAging are further highlighted by comparing the substrate loading used and the concentration of obtained GlcNAc with those of previously reported methods (Table S1 in the Supporting Information) . The typical substrate loading for RAging was at least one order of magnitude larger than for methods in which bulk solvent is used, and even considering studies on less recalcitrant and/or pretreated chitin forms than the one used here, our GlcNAc yield [mg mL −1 ] was approximately 2–30 times superior.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is strikingly different from the conditions under which microbe-secreted enzymes,s uch as chitinases, have evolved to thrive in. We showedt hat both the efficiency and selectivity of chitinase are increased several times by switching from solution-based environments, traditionally used in enzymatic reactions, [9,[14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] to RAging conditions that operateo nm oist solid substrates in the absence of bulk solvent media. Our current hypothesis is that aging is the closestt ot he natural environment of microbial chitinases (under which there is no need for an exceedingly highreaction rate), whereas RAging, withi ts periodic milling activation events,m ay further accelerate the reaction through mechanical effects and improved mixing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although chitinases,t hat is, enzymes that catalyzet he hydrolysiso fc hitin into itsm onomer,o ffer an opportunity for clean processing of chitin (Scheme 1), their use is hindered by the poor solubilityo fc hitin, which requires harsh pretreatment of the chitinous material, [9,[14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] for example, with HCl to form a colloidalc hitin suspension, [27] or by using phosphoric acid to generate swollenc hitin. [28] Further,t here is an eed to improve chitinase activity and stabilityf or biotechnological applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanoenzymatic Breakdown of Chitinous Material to N‐Acetylglucosamine: The Benefits of a Solventless Environment

et al. 2019

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Chitin is not only the most abundant nitrogen‐containing biopolymer on the planet, but also a renewable feedstock that is often treated as a waste. Current chemical methods to break down chitin typically employ harsh conditions, large volumes of solvent, and generate a mixture of products. Although enzymatic methods have been reported, they require a harsh chemical pretreatment of the chitinous substrate and rely on dilute solution conditions that are remote from the natural environment of microbial chitinase enzymes, which typically consists of surfaces exposed to air and moisture. We report an innovative and efficient mechanoenzymatic method to hydrolyze chitin to the N‐acetylglucosamine monomer by using chitinases under the recently developed reactive aging (RAging) methodology, based on repeating cycles of brief ball‐milling followed by aging, in the absence of bulk solvent. Our results demonstrate that the activity of chitinases increases several times by switching from traditional solution‐based conditions of enzymatic catalysis to solventless RAging, which operates on moist solid substrates. Importantly, RAging is also highly efficient for the production of N‐acetylglucosamine directly from shrimp and crab shell biomass without any other processing except for a gentle wash with aqueous acetic acid.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanoenzymatic Breakdown of Chitinous Material to N‐Acetylglucosamine: The Benefits of a Solventless Environment

et al. 2019

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“…Although enzymatic reactions (hydrolysis and deacetylation) could proceed without use of IL (IL is considered to be non-essential activator), ILs disrupt the H-bonding and thus facilitate the access of the enzyme to the substrate. This results in formation of different products and different product distribution profile (ratio of monomer to dimer to oligomers) than what is observed without the use of ILs (Husson et al, 2017;Berton et al, 2018). The IL systems also appear to be superior in terms of product yields and reaction speed.…”

Section: The Role Of Ionic Liquidsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The initial report used the IL 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium acetate ([C 2 mim][OAc]) to pre-treat chitin prior to enzymatic hydrolysis (Table 1, Entry 1). After pre-treatment, chitin was further hydrolyzed into the GlcNAc monomer using commercially available enzymes from Trichoderma viride and S. griseus (Husson et al, 2017). The IL-pre-treated (swollen) commercially available chitin resulted in a significant facilitation of, otherwise slow, enzymatic hydrolysis.…”

Section: Hydrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Ionic Liquids in Chitin Biorefinery: A Systematic Review

Shamshina¹,

Bertón

2020

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Lignocellulosic biomass biorefinery is the most extensively investigated biorefinery model. At the same time, chitin, structurally similar to cellulose and the second most abundant polymer on Earth, represents a unique chemical structure that allows the direct manufacture of nitrogen-containing building blocks and intermediates, a goal not accomplishable using lignocellulosic biomass. However, the recovery, dissolution, and treatment of chitin was fairly challenging until the polymer's easy dissolution in ionic liquids (salts that are liquid at room temperature) was discovered. In this systematic review, we highlight recent developments in the processing of chitin, with a particular emphasis placed on methods conducted with the help of ionic liquids used as solvents, co-solvents, or catalysts. Such use of ionic liquids in the field of chemical transformations of chitin not only allows for shorter times and less harsh reaction conditions, but also results in different outcomes and higher product yields when compared with reactions conducted in "traditional" manner. Valorization of biomass in general, and chitin in particular, is a key enabling strategy of the circular economy, due to the importance of the sustainable production of biomass-based goods and chemicals and full chain resource efficiency. Economics is driven by the production of high-value chemicals or chemical intermediates from various biomasses, and chitinous biomass is a valuable potential resource. A fundamental "paradigm shift" will radically change the balance of oil-based chemicals to biopolymer-based chemicals, and chitin valorization is a necessary step aimed toward its full market competitiveness and flexibility.

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Design and modularized optimization of one‐step production of N‐acetylneuraminic acid from chitin in Serratia marcescens

Yan

Fong

2018

Biotech & Bioengineering

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Chitin is an abundant, biorenewable, nitrogen-rich biomass feedstock that can be potentially developed for biochemical production; however, efficient bioprocesses have yet to be established. Here, we demonstrate an engineered bioprocess to produce N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) directly from chitin using the chitinolytic bacterium, Serratia marcescens by selecting and characterizing promoters, characterization of heterologous enzyme activity, and optimization of pathway fluxes. By generating RNASeq data for S. marcescens growth in different carbon-limited conditions (glucose, N-acetylglucosamine, and glycerol), 12 promoters with varying strength were identified and characterized to implement for transcriptional control. Neu5Ac production was initially engineered into S. marcescens through heterologous expression of N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase (slr1975) and N-acetylneuraminic acid aldolase (nanA). The activity of both genes was characterized in vitro for kinetics and in vivo expression using promoters identified in this study. Optimization of Neu5Ac production was accomplished by balancing pathways fluxes through promoter swapping and replacing the reversible nanA with the irreversible gene neuB. The optimized recombinant strain P -slr1975-P -neuB was able to produce 0.48 g/L Neu5Ac from 20 g/L N-acetylglucosamine, and 0.30 g/L Neu5Ac from 5 g/L crystal chitin. These results represent the first demonstration of direct conversion of crystal chitin to N-acetylneuraminic acid.

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The effect of room temperature ionic liquids on the selective biocatalytic hydrolysis of chitin via sequential or simultaneous strategies

Abstract: N-Acetylglucosamine and N,N′-diacetylchitobiose are efficiently and selectively produced from chitin biomass by using RTILs and chitinases.

Cited by 90 publications

References 54 publications

Mechanoenzymatic Breakdown of Chitinous Material to N‐Acetylglucosamine: The Benefits of a Solventless Environment

Mechanoenzymatic Breakdown of Chitinous Material to N‐Acetylglucosamine: The Benefits of a Solventless Environment

Use of Ionic Liquids in Chitin Biorefinery: A Systematic Review

Design and modularized optimization of one‐step production of N‐acetylneuraminic acid from chitin in Serratia marcescens

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