The effect of rural-to-urban migration on social capital and common mental disorders: PERU MIGRANT study

Mola, Christian Loret de; Stanojevic, Sanja; Ruiz, P.; Gilman, Robert H.; Smeeth, Liam; Miranda, J. Jaime

doi:10.1007/s00127-011-0404-6

Cited by 32 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(46 reference statements)

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“…Li et al [25] found that MWs’ mental health was significantly worse than rural dwellers. Our findings are only partly consistent with these Chinese studies but very similar to a Swedish immigrant study [43] and a Peru rural-to-urban migrant survey; [9] both found significant differences in common mental illness between migrants and native controls disappeared after the adjustment for their unmatched socio-economic factors, and Tonghog et al [43] concluded that the association between immigrant status and mental illness appeared to be a primary effect of a higher prevalence of social and economic disadvantage among immigrants in Sweden.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Our findings that, migrant status had no association with poor psycho-QOL and a significant association with lowered risk of depression were in line with a Peru migrant survey [9] but discordant with Swinnen's meta-analysis. This discordance may be due to the difference between psycho-QOL and depressive symptoms, with the former being a more comprehensive mental health indicator.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

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Internal migration, mental health, and suicidal behaviors in young rural Chinese

Dai

Zhong

Xiang

et al. 2014

Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol

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Purpose There is a dearth of data on the association of internal migration with mental health in young rural Chinese. This study aims to explore the associations between migrant status, mental health, and suicidal behaviors in young rural Chinese. Methods We recruited 1,646 rural subjects aged 16–34 years, of whom 756 were migrant workers and 890 non-migrants, from ten representative villages in rural Sichuan Province, the southwestern part of China. To assess subject's depressive symptoms and general psychological quality of life (psycho-QOL), the study protocol included the Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, and psycho-QOL subscale of the World Health Organization's QOL Questionnaire-Brief Version, in addition to structured questions regarding one-year suicidal thoughts and behaviors (serious ideation, plan, and attempt), socio-demographic, social support, and physical health information. Results After adjustment for confounders, migrant workers had relative to non-migrant rural residents a decreased risk for depression (OR = 0.69, P = 0.026), but comparable risk for poor psycho-QOL (OR = 0.91, P = 0.557) and one-year suicidal behaviors (OR = 0.59–1.10, P = 0.19–0.90). Migrant status only accounted for 0.5, 2.8, 4.7, 9.8, and 12.6 % of the total explainable variance for suicide attempt, poor psycho-QOL, suicide plan, depression and serious suicide ideation, respectively. Conclusion Our findings suggested that among young rural Chinese there were no significant associations involving migrant status and poor psycho-QOL or one-year suicidal behaviors, while migrant status significantly correlated with a decreased risk of depression. The unique contribution of migrant status to mental health among young rural Chinese participants in this study was very small.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Internal migration, mental health, and suicidal behaviors in young rural Chinese

Dai

Zhong

Xiang

et al. 2014

Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol

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“…The cognitive component evaluates the following: trust in the community, interpersonal relationships among community members, sense of belonging to the community, and perception that other community members may try to take advantage of oneself if they had the chance. The score on the structural component was categorized into quartiles and subsequently dichotomized into high (second, third, and fourth quartiles) and low (first quartile) structural social capital, as previously reported in a study on social capital and mental health in Peru (Loret de Mola et al, 2012). The score on the cognitive component was categorized into low (1–2 points) and high (3–4 points) cognitive social capital, as recommended by De Silva et al (De Silva et al, 2006).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social capital and chronic post-traumatic stress disorder among survivors of the 2007 earthquake in Pisco, Peru

Flores

Carnero

Bayer

2014

Social Science & Medicine

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This study aimed to evaluate the association between chronic Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and both structural and cognitive social capital in adult survivors of the 2007 earthquake in Pisco, Peru. Cognitive social capital measures trust, sense of belonging and interpersonal relationships in the community and structural social capital measures group membership, support from community groups and individuals, and involvement in citizenship activities. We conducted a population-based cross-sectional study in five counties in Pisco, selecting 1012 adults through complex, multi-stage random sampling. All participants completed socio-demographic questions and validated Spanish-language versions of the Adapted Social Capital Assessment Tool (SASCAT) and the civilian PTSD checklist (PCL-C). After performing descriptive and bivariate analyses, we carried out prevalence ratio (PR) regression. The overall prevalence of chronic PTSD was 15.9% (95% CI: 12.3, 19.8), much higher than anticipated based on existing evidence. Cognitive social capital was found to be negatively associated with chronic PTSD, while no significant association was found for structural social capital. Specifically, those with high cognitive social capital had an almost two times lower prevalence of chronic PTSD (PR = 1.83, 95% CI: 1.50, 2.22) compared with those with low cognitive social capital. No independent association between structural social capital and chronic PTSD was found (PR = 1.44, 95% CI: 0.70, 2.97). In conclusion, cognitive social capital, but not structural social capital, has a protective influence on the occurrence of chronic PTSD in survivors of natural disasters. These results may have public health implications. For example, pre- and post-disaster community-based interventions that catalyze and foster dimensions of cognitive social capital may aid in ameliorating the effect of earthquakes and other natural disasters on populations with high vulnerability to such events and poor access to mental health and other support services.

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“…The population has grown consistently because of internal migration in Peru from rural to urban areas in recent decades. 15 This migration principally of the Andean Participants. Potential participants were identified using the information from a census performed in the year 2000 by a local non-governmental organization Asociacion Benefica Proyectos en Informatica, Salud, Medicina, y Agricultura (AB PRISMA), from which an age-stratified sample was drawn (three age strata were considered: 5-14, 15-24, and 25 years of age).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Tuberculin Skin Test Positivity Over 20 Years in Periurban Shantytowns in Lima, Peru

Martínez

Arman

Haveman

et al. 2013

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract.A cross-sectional, community-based study was performed in 2012 with 428 residents of periurban shantytowns in Lima, Peru to study risk factors for and changes in latent tuberculosis infection in age-stratified groups compared with our data from the same region in 1990 (N = 219) and 2005 (N = 103). Tuberculin skin test positivity in these communities was highly prevalent at 52% overall, increased with age (P 0.01) and was similar to 2005 (53%) and 1990 (48%). From 1990 to 2012, the prevalence of tuberculin positivity decreased in 5-14 and 15-24 year old groups (to 17% and 34%, respectively, both P 0.05). However, this may be explained by cessation of Bacille Calmette-Guérin revaccination during this period, because Bacille Calmette-Guérin revaccination doubled tuberculin positivity. Over the same 22-year period, tuberculin positivity in the 25 year old group remained high (71%, P = 0.3), suggesting that prevalent latent tuberculosis infection persists in the adult population despite improving medical care and socioeconomic development in this region.

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The effect of rural-to-urban migration on social capital and common mental disorders: PERU MIGRANT study

Cited by 32 publications

References 28 publications

Internal migration, mental health, and suicidal behaviors in young rural Chinese

Internal migration, mental health, and suicidal behaviors in young rural Chinese

Social capital and chronic post-traumatic stress disorder among survivors of the 2007 earthquake in Pisco, Peru

Changes in Tuberculin Skin Test Positivity Over 20 Years in Periurban Shantytowns in Lima, Peru

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