The Effect of Salinity-Sodicity and Glyphosate Formulations – Avans Premium 360 Sl on Phosphomonoesterase Activities in Sandy Loam

Abstract

Glyphosate (N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine), is the active ingredient in herbicide formulations containing it [Zhang et al., 2015]. Indeed, glyphosate or glyphosate formulations are able to kill weeds without killing their crops, especially annual broadleaf weeds and grasses known to compete with commercial crops grown around the globe by interfering with the synthesis of the aromatic amino acids [Kier and Kirkland, 2013; Al Rajabi and Hakami, 2014]. Furthermore, glyphosate formulations are currently marketed in the worldwide by many agrochemical companies, such as Bayer, Dow Agro Sciences, Syngenta, and Monsanto in different solution strengths and with various surfactants and adjuvants [Zhang et al., 2015]. Several studies have reported that the toxicity glyphosate