The Effect of Salinized Nano ZrO2 Particles on the Microstructure, Hardness, and Wear Behavior of Acrylic Denture Tooth Nanocomposite

Abstract

The wear of acrylic denture teeth is a serious problem that can change the vertical dimensions of dentures. This study evaluates the effect of adding salinized nano ZrO2 particles on the microstructure, hardness, and wear resistance of acrylic denture teeth. Heat polymerizing polymethyl methacrylate resin was mixed with salinized ZrO2 at concentrations of 5 wt% and 10 wt%. Acrylic resin specimens without filler addition were used as a control group. SEM/EDS analyses were performed and the Vickers’ hardness was evaluated. Two-body wear testing was performed using a chewing simulator with a human enamel antagonist. After subjecting the samples to 37,500 cycles, both height loss and weight loss were used to evaluate the wear behavior. The microstructural investigation of the reinforced-denture teeth indicates sound nanocomposite preparation using the applied regime without porosity or macro defects. The addition of zirconium oxide nanofillers to PMMA at both 5% and 10% increased the microhardness, with values of up to 49.7 HV. The wear mechanism in the acrylic base material without nanoparticle addition was found to be fatigue wear; a high density of microcracks were found. The addition of 5 wt% ZrO2 improved the wear resistance. Increasing the nanoparticles to 10 wt% ZrO2 further improved the wear resistance, with no microcracks found.

An investigated organic and inorganic reinforcement as an effective economical filler of poly (methyl methacrylate) nanocomposites

“…The reason is that the date-seed nanoparticles function as natural lubricants. This finding is in good agreement with the results reported in 46 .…”

“…Moreover, the total saturation of the examined composites may be justified by the fact that the normal load was transferred through the interfacial surfaces to the strongest material, namely, the nanoparticles 47 , 48 . Our results agree with those of Shirkavand et al 46 , who found that the PMMA compressive strength increased as the resin strength increased with increasing filler weight. As illustrated in Fig.…”

3D-Printed Nanocomposite Denture-Base Resins: Effect of ZrO2 Nanoparticles on the Mechanical and Surface Properties In Vitro

“…ZrO 2 is a biocompatible metal dioxide with high strength, fracture toughness, and surface hardness [ 21 , 22 ]. Moreover, ZrO 2 has resistance to corrosion [ 23 ], thermal stability [ 24 ], and antibacterial and antifungal effects on C. albicans and Aspergillus niger [ 25 ]. Several studies found that incorporating specific concentrations of ZrO 2 NPs into PMMA increased the surface hardness, flexure strength, impact strength, and fracture toughness of the resin and enhanced it [ 15 , 16 ].…”

Influence of ZrO2 Nanoparticle Addition on the Optical Properties of Denture Base Materials Fabricated Using Additive Technologies

“…ZrO 2 NPs have been demonstrated as a suitable reinforcing material for 3D-printed PMMA [ 53 ]. Furthermore, ZrO 2 has thermal stability, corrosion resistance, and antibacterial and antifungal effects on Aspergillus niger and C. albicans [ 39 , 54 , 55 ]. Reinforcing PMMA with ZrO 2 NPs can endure denture base resins with the favorable characteristics of ZrO 2 [ 18 ].…”