The Effect of Salt Weathering and Water Absorption on the Ultrasonic Pulse Velocities of Highly Porous Limestone

Khodabandeh, Mohammad Ali; Rozgonyi-Boissinot, Nikoletta

doi:10.3311/ppci.18647

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…As the castle is situated nearby the coast and is affected by the salt spray effect [35], it was essential to study the stones under NaCl solution. Sulfate salts were used, because Na 2 SO 4 and MgSO 4 are extremely damaging [26][27], and Na 2 SO 4 is considered the most aggressive salt used to assess the durability of the stone in the laboratory [36].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, Rodriguez-Navarro et al [23] do not agree with that argument because they found that environmental conditions (relative humidity and temperature) define which pressure appears and induces damage to the stone. Many different experiments were completed to investigate the effect of salt crystallization on the durability of carbonate stones under various conditions, such as total immersion [24][25][26] or capillary absorption of salt solution [27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of the Resistance of Dolomite Stone from Crac des Chevaliers Against Salt Crystallization

Bilal

Rozgonyi-Boissinot

2023

Period. Polytech. Civil Eng.

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This study was dedicated to evaluating the durability of the carbonatic stones of Crac des Chevaliers castle against salt crystallization. Crac des Chevaliers castle is a UNESCO world heritage site located in Syria and is considered one of the most important crusader castles built in the 12th century. Salt efflorescence is a common decay type detected on the stone blocks of this building, so six dolomite stone lithotypes with various structures tested under salt aging in three different salt solutions; sodium chloride, magnesium sulfate, and sodium sulfate. Among those lithotypes were two microbioclastic wackstone and four microcrystalline dolomite. The microbioclastic wackstone had low open porosity (18 and 11 v/v%) compared to the microcrystalline dolomites of about 28v/v% open porosity. Two of the microcrystalline dolomite lithotypes had bimodal pore networks and around 4 v/v% closed pores, however, the other two exhibited very small closed porosity (around 0.35 v/v%). The results revealed that even though the great effect of the open porosity on the durability of the specimens, the closed porosity also had a major role and the weathering form depended on the salt composition and the stone porosity properties. The primary decay type of the specimens in sodium sulfate solution was granular disintegration while pitted surfaces formed in sodium chloride solution, and the exfoliation of the stone surface into thin layers was observable after the aging with magnesium sulfate solution. The effect of NaCl crystallization on the specimen was not as aggressive as that of the sulfates.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the Resistance of Dolomite Stone from Crac des Chevaliers Against Salt Crystallization

Bilal

Rozgonyi-Boissinot

2023

Period. Polytech. Civil Eng.

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“…Pulse frequency was 54 Hz in the ultrasonic pulse velocity test. The ultrasonic pulse velocity of the sample was determined using the Equation ( 2) given the length of the wave transmission (sample length) and the recorded transmission times [35]:…”

Section: Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Collapse potential and ultrasonic pulse velocity of loess soils after treatment with expanded perlite and metakaolin

Khodabandeh,

Kopecskó,

Nagy

2023

APP

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Collapsible soils, including loess, can support heavy loads at their natural humidity but then collapse rapidly and lose a substantial volume when the humidity increases. Soil collapse potential at different immersion stresses was investigated according to ASTM D5333. Different immersion stresses, including 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 kPa, were used to evaluate the stress-strain behavior of soils before and after saturation. The results indicated that soil collapse potential rose with a raising of immersion stress, resulting in the highest soil collapse potential at 500 kPa immersion stress. Furthermore, the effectiveness of expanded perlite and metakaolin in treating loess soils was examined. The results revealed that the soil collapse potential reduced with an increase in perlite and metakaolin up to 8 %. Also, perlite had a more significant impact on the soil collapse potential than metakaolin. The interlocking force between soil particles was enhanced as the perlite quantity rose, and perlite prohibited soil particles from slipping on each other. Metakaolin decreased the soil collapsibility due to the pozzolanic and chemical reactions which increased particle bonding. The ultrasonic pulse velocity of soils decreased as the percentage of perlite increased. Because the perlite was not spread homogeneously, and the waves can be stuck in the heterogeneities, Metakaolin acted as a filler and increased the ultrasonic pulse velocity of the soils.

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“…Deterioration of rocks under the impact of the salt crystallization process has been investigated by many studies (e.g. Khodabandeh and Rozgonyi-Boissinot 2022;Lezzerini et al 2022;Çeli and İbrahimoglu 2021;Çelik and Sert 2020;Benavente et al 2018;Çelik and Tigli 2018;Bozdag et al 2016;Temraz and Khallaf 2016;Barone et al 2015;Ludovico-Marques and Chastre 2012;Akin and Ozsan 2011). However, there is a lack in determining the change in the strength properties regarding abrasion loss value of rocks due to the cyclic salt crystallization process (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A prediction method for abrasion loss rate of some Egyptian carbonate rocks due to cyclic salt crystallization weathering using physico-mechanical deterioration: insights from laboratory investigations

Abdelhamid

Mousa

2023

Acta Geod Geophys

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Salt crystallization is the most important weathering processes that causes problems for rocks used as building stones. Therefore, assessment of the physico-mechanical properties of stones against cyclic salt crystallization is a critical issue for rock engineering applications in salty environmental conditions especially prone to abrasion. This research aims at investigating the relationship between the degradation of various physico-mechanical properties including apparent porosity, point load index, unconfined compression strength and abrasion loss rate for rocks during salt weathering process. For showing rock weathering in the salt crystallization process, five kinds of carbonate rocks were sampled from different areas of Egypt and subject to cyclic salt crystallization, up to twenty cycles. The variation rates of their physico-mechanical characteristics and abrasion loss values were calculated after each five cycles of salt weathering. The results showed that the studied rocks are suitable for use as building and decorative stones in areas prone to crystallization of salts, but attention must be paid to rocks with high porosity and low strength characteristics such as El-Minia limestone specimens. It was also found that there are strong linear correlations between the physico-mechanical degradation parameters and the abrasion loss rate of the studied rock samples at the end of the twentieth cycle of salt weathering. These relationships may be used to estimate the abrasion loss rate of the studied rock types against the cyclic salt weathering conditions and hence to make a rapid evaluation of the stone durability.

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The Effect of Salt Weathering and Water Absorption on the Ultrasonic Pulse Velocities of Highly Porous Limestone

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Assessment of the Resistance of Dolomite Stone from Crac des Chevaliers Against Salt Crystallization

Assessment of the Resistance of Dolomite Stone from Crac des Chevaliers Against Salt Crystallization

Collapse potential and ultrasonic pulse velocity of loess soils after treatment with expanded perlite and metakaolin

A prediction method for abrasion loss rate of some Egyptian carbonate rocks due to cyclic salt crystallization weathering using physico-mechanical deterioration: insights from laboratory investigations

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