“…If this is the case, students may respond to demographically similar role models by raising their motivation and personal expectations. 3 The presence of a demographically similar teacher may also re-3 A related line of research has explored the relationship between teacher gender and student achievement, with mixed results (Bettinger & Long, 2005;Dee, 2005;Gibb, Fergusson, & Horwood, 2008;Neumark & Gardecki, 1998;Nixon & Robinson, 1999;Robst, Keil, & Russo, 1998;Winters et al, 2013). duce race/ethnicity-based "stereotype threat" (Steele, 1997;Steele & Aronson, 1995), which occurs when a student perceives that (s)he could be viewed through the lens of a negative stereotype and lowers academic engagement and performance as a result.…”