The effect of SARS-CoV-2 variant on respiratory features and mortality

Hughes, Thomas D; Subramanian, Ajan; Chakraborty, Rana; Cotton, S.; Herrera, Maria Del Pilar Giraldo; Huang, Yong; Lambert, Natalie; Pinto, Melissa D.; Rahmani, Amir M.; Sierra, Carmen Josefa; Downs, Charles A.

doi:10.1038/s41598-023-31761-y

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…This study analyzed patients who recovered from critically ill COVID-19 and determined whether there were different outcomes according to the virus variant. A recent study reported more recent SARS-CoV-2 variants were associated with a reduction in lower respiratory tract infection features [ 10 ]. Although disputed, some studies also reported the peak viral load is higher for delta [ 11 , 12 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors related to lung function outcomes in critically ill COVID-19 patients in South Korea

Kim,

Song,

Lim

et al. 2024

ACC

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Background: New variants of the virus responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continue to emerge. However, little is known about the effect of these variants on clinical outcomes. This study evaluated the risk factors for poor pulmonary lung function tests (PFTs).Methods: The study retrospectively analyzed 87 patients in a single hospital and followed up by performing PFTs at an outpatient clinic from January 2020 to December 2021. COVID-19 variants were categorized as either a non-delta variant (November 13, 2020–July 6, 2021) or the delta variant (July 7, 2021–January 29, 2022).Results: The median age of the patients was 62 years, and 56 patients (64.4%) were male. Mechanical ventilation (MV) was provided for 52 patients, and 36 (41.4%) had restrictive lung defects. Forced vital capacity (FVC) and diffusion capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO) were lower in patients on MV. Male sex (odds ratio [OR], 0.228) and MV (OR, 4.663) were significant factors for decreased DLCO. The duration of MV was associated with decreased FVC and DLCO. However, the type of variant did not affect the decrease in FVC (P=0.750) and DLCO (P=0.639).Conclusions: Among critically ill COVID-19 patients, 40% had restrictive patterns with decreased DLCO. The reduction of PFT was associated with MV, type of variants.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors related to lung function outcomes in critically ill COVID-19 patients in South Korea

Kim,

Song,

Lim

et al. 2024

ACC

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“…The smaller differences in risks among children could be driven by a different symptom profile of the disease caused by Omicron [3,19,20,37]. Infection with Omicron BA.1 has a higher propensity to cause symptoms in the upper respiratory tract than in the lungs [21,22], which might lead to a greater proportion of young children being admitted on cautionary grounds because of small airways obstruction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the COVID-19 pandemic, several variants of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) evolved. These had different risks of causing severe disease [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18], possibly due to differences in symptom profile [19][20][21][22], viral load [23,24], vaccine effectiveness [3,5,22,25,26] or via other mechanisms. A wide range of estimates of the relative risks of severe outcomes such as hospitalisation and death associated with new variants have been reported, often with moderate precision.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A standardised protocol for relative SARS-CoV-2 variant severity assessment, applied to Omicron BA.1 and Delta in six European countries, October 2021 to February 2022

Nyberg,

Bager,

Svalgaard

et al. 2023

Eurosurveillance

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Several SARS-CoV-2 variants that evolved during the COVID-19 pandemic have appeared to differ in severity, based on analyses of single-country datasets. With decreased testing and sequencing, international collaborative studies will become increasingly important for timely assessment of the severity of new variants. Therefore, a joint WHO Regional Office for Europe and ECDC working group was formed to produce and pilot a standardised study protocol to estimate relative case-severity of SARS-CoV-2 variants during periods when two variants were co-circulating. The study protocol and its associated statistical analysis code was applied by investigators in Denmark, England, Luxembourg, Norway, Portugal and Scotland to assess the severity of cases with the Omicron BA.1 virus variant relative to Delta. After pooling estimates using meta-analysis methods (random effects estimates), the risk of hospital admission (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 0.41; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.31−0.54), admission to intensive care unit (aHR = 0.12; 95% CI: 0.05−0.27) and death (aHR = 0.31; 95% CI: 0.28−0.35) was lower for Omicron BA.1 compared with Delta cases. The aHRs varied by age group and vaccination status. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the feasibility of conducting variant severity analyses in a multinational collaborative framework and adds evidence for the reduced severity of the Omicron BA.1 variant.

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“…Both CoVs and influenza viruses mainly affect the respiratory tract in humans. SARS-CoV-2 causes both lower and upper respiratory tract infections and influenza viruses mainly lead to upper respiratory tract infections, which can extend to the lower airways in more severe cases ( Short et al, 2014 ; Hughes et al, 2023 ). For treating airway infections, systemic and intranasal administration are the main routes.…”

Section: Challenges and Considerations In Sdab Usagementioning

confidence: 99%

Next generation single-domain antibodies against respiratory zoonotic RNA viruses

Swart,

Van Gelder,

De Haan

et al. 2024

Front. Mol. Biosci.

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The global impact of zoonotic viral outbreaks underscores the pressing need for innovative antiviral strategies, particularly against respiratory zoonotic RNA viruses. These viruses possess a high potential to trigger future epidemics and pandemics due to their high mutation rate, broad host range and efficient spread through airborne transmission. Recent pandemics caused by coronaviruses and influenza A viruses underscore the importance of developing targeted antiviral strategies. Single-domain antibodies (sdAbs), originating from camelids, also known as nanobodies or VHHs (Variable Heavy domain of Heavy chain antibodies), have emerged as promising tools to combat current and impending zoonotic viral threats. Their unique structure, coupled with attributes like robustness, compact size, and cost-effectiveness, positions them as strong alternatives to traditional monoclonal antibodies. This review describes the pivotal role of sdAbs in combating respiratory zoonotic viruses, with a primary focus on enhancing sdAb antiviral potency through optimization techniques and diverse administration strategies. We discuss both the promises and challenges within this dynamically growing field.

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The effect of SARS-CoV-2 variant on respiratory features and mortality

Cited by 11 publications

References 13 publications

Factors related to lung function outcomes in critically ill COVID-19 patients in South Korea

Factors related to lung function outcomes in critically ill COVID-19 patients in South Korea

A standardised protocol for relative SARS-CoV-2 variant severity assessment, applied to Omicron BA.1 and Delta in six European countries, October 2021 to February 2022

Next generation single-domain antibodies against respiratory zoonotic RNA viruses

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