The Effect of School Finance Reforms on the Distribution of Spending, Academic Achievement, and Adult Outcomes

Jackson, C. Kirabo; Johnson, Rucker C.; Persico, Claudia

doi:10.3386/w20118

Cited by 51 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Rather, what matters is the way in which schools allocate their available resources into staffing, curriculum priorities, and organizational structures that provide students with access to high-quality learning experiences (Elmore & Fuhrman, 1993;Hanushek, 1981;Murnane, 1982). In addition, more recent research provides compelling evidence that increased school spending can improve the educational and lifetime outcomes of children from disadvantaged backgrounds (Jackson, Johnson, & Persico, 2014). Thus, states must pay attention to access to resources indicators including the level of school funding; staffing; availability of up-to-date textbooks, materials, and technology; class size; availability of professional learning experiences for teachers; and the like.…”

Section: Measures Of Opportunities To Learnmentioning

confidence: 99%

Redesigning systems of school accountability: A multiple measures approach to accountability and support

Bae

2018

EPAA

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Abstract:The challenges facing our children in the 21st century are rapidly changing. As a result, schools bear a greater responsibility to prepare students for college, career, and life and must be held accountable for more than just testing and reporting on a narrow set of outcomes aimed at minimum levels of competency. Thus, scholars, educators, and reform advocates are calling for a more meaningful next phase of school accountability, one that promotes continuous support and improvement rather than mere compliance and efforts to avoid punishment (Center for American Progress & CCSSO, 2014;Darling-Hammond, Wilhoit, & Pittenger, 2014). This paper reviews state and district level accountability systems that incorporate a multiple measures approach to accountability and highlights the following features that represent redesigned systems of accountability: 1) broader set of outcome measures, 2) mix of state and local indicators, 3) measures of opportunities to learn, 4) data dashboards, and 5) School Quality Reviews. The paper concludes with guidance for policymakers and practitioners on ways to support the development and implementation of a multiple measures system of accountability so that school accountability Reestructuración de los sistemas de responsabilidad escolar: Un enfoque de medidas múltiples para la rendición de cuentas y el apoyo Resumen: Debido a los desafíos que enfrentan nuestros niños en el siglo 21, las escuelas tienen una gran responsabilidad de preparar a los estudiantes para la universidad, la carrera profesional y la vida y deben rendir cuentas por algo más que las pruebas académicas y los reportes sobre una lista de resultados limitados a niveles mínimos de competencia. Por lo tanto, académicos, educadores y defensores de la reforma piden que la próxima fase de responsabilidad escolar sea más significativa, una que promueva el apoyo y el mejoramiento continuo en lugar de la conformidad y los esfuerzos para evitar el castigo (Center for American Progress & CCSSO, 2014; Darling-Hammond, Wilhoit y Pittenger, 2014). Este documento revisa los sistemas de responsabilidad a nivel estatal y del distrito que incorporan un enfoque de medidas múltiples para la rendición de cuentas y destaca las siguientes características que representan sistemas rediseñados de responsabilidad: 1) una lista más amplia de medidas de resultado, 2) combinación de indicadores estatales y locales, 3) medidas de oportunidades para aprender, 4) tableros de datos, y 5) Revisiones de Calidad Escolar. El documento concluye con una guía para los formuladores de políticas y profesionales sobre formas de apoyar el desarrollo y la implementación de un sistema de responsabilidad múltiple de medidas múltiples para que la responsabilidad escolar sea sinónimo con responsabilidad para un aprendizaje más profundo y apoyo para el proceso de mejora continua. Palabras clave: responsabilidad escolar; medidas múltiples; la mejora continua Reestruturação dos sistemas de responsabilização escolar: Uma abordagem multifacetada para a responsabil...

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Section: Measures Of Opportunities To Learnmentioning

confidence: 99%

Redesigning systems of school accountability: A multiple measures approach to accountability and support

Bae

2018

EPAA

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“…With this clean "predicted" variation in spending, one can then test whether exposed cohorts have better outcomes relative to unexposed cohorts in those districts that are predicted (based on pre-reform characteristics) to experience larger reform-induced spending increases. By 6 See Jackson, Johnson, and Persico (2014) for an in depth discussion of school finance reforms.…”

Section: A Isolating Exogenous Variation In School Spendingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of School Spending on Educational and Economic Outcomes: Evidence from School Finance Reforms

Jackson¹,

Johnson²,

Persico³

2015

Self Cite

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Since Coleman (1966), many have questioned whether school spending affects student outcomes. The school finance reforms that began in the early 1970s and accelerated in the 1980s caused some of the most dramatic changes in the structure of K-12 education spending in US history. To study the effect of these school-finance-reform-induced changes in school spending on long-run adult outcomes, we link school spending and school finance reform data to detailed, nationally-representative data on children born between 1955 and 1985 and followed through 2011. We use the timing of the passage of court-mandated reforms, and their associated type of funding formula change, as an exogenous shifter of school spending and we compare the adult outcomes of cohorts that were differentially exposed to school finance reforms, depending on place and year of birth. Event-study and instrumental variable models reveal that a 10 percent increase in per-pupil spending each year for all twelve years of public school leads to 0.27 more completed years of education, 7.25 percent higher wages, and a 3.67 percentage-point reduction in the annual incidence of adult poverty; effects are much more pronounced for children from low-income families. Exogenous spending increases were associated with sizable improvements in measured school quality, including reductions in student-to-teacher ratios, increases in teacher salaries, and longer school years.

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“…Countywide job losses reduced the viability of the local economy by decreasing property values and tax revenues throughout the county , which could have lowered public schools’ resources. Similarly, during the Great Recession, states with the largest increases in unemployment also had lower levels of government spending, particularly on education (; school spending is linked strongly with positive academic and behavioral outcomes for children; ).…”

Section: Pathways Of Community‐level Influencementioning

confidence: 99%

How Economic Downturns Affect Children's Development: An Interdisciplinary Perspective on Pathways of Influence

Gassman‐Pines

Gibson‐Davis

Ananat

2015

Child Dev Perspectives

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ABSTRACT-To understand how economic downturns affect children's development, scholars have concentrated on how parents' loss of a job affects children's well-being, but have largely ignored the potential effects of downturns on children whose parents remain employed. In this article, we review research across disciplines to demonstrate that economic downturns should be conceptualized as a community-level event that affects all children in a community, not just those whose parents have lost jobs. We focus on three mechanisms linking downturns to children's developmental outcomes: structural changes to communities, the economic and psychological effects on individuals who are continuously employed, and the strain of job loss on social networks. We conclude by discussing ongoing research and looking at implications for public policy.

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The Effect of School Finance Reforms on the Distribution of Spending, Academic Achievement, and Adult Outcomes

Cited by 51 publications

References 22 publications

Redesigning systems of school accountability: A multiple measures approach to accountability and support

Redesigning systems of school accountability: A multiple measures approach to accountability and support

The Effects of School Spending on Educational and Economic Outcomes: Evidence from School Finance Reforms

How Economic Downturns Affect Children's Development: An Interdisciplinary Perspective on Pathways of Influence

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