“…Our study is also close to Basuony, Bouaddi, Ali and EmadEldeen (2021) who, using data that include the covid-19 crisis period, report increased conditional volatilities, which are not symmetric across international stock markets: they find that negative effects of covid deaths were accentuated relative to positive effects of covid recoveries. Their study uses asymmetric EGARCH, allowing them to examine the differential effects of negative and positive shocks on conditional variance and skewness but, unlike our study, does not establish whether developing markets were affected the same way as developed markets or which one of covid infections, management, or death had greater effects on stock returns and bond yields; indeed, their study focuses only on the stock markets.…”