The Effect of Seed Crystals of Hydroxyapatite and Brushite on the Crystallization of Calcium Oxalate in Undiluted Human Urine In Vitro: Implications for Urinary Stone Pathogenesis

Grover, Phulwinder K.; Kim, Dong–Sun; Ryall, Rosemary L.

doi:10.1007/bf03402012

Cited by 20 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…As a matter of fact, this was the only case in which Raman analysis was able to clearly detect the formation of Ca‐phosphates. Overall, we note that further considerations regarding different penetration depth and distribution of DAP and AmOx can be similarly made on the basis of the material porosity, on the formation mechanism of apatite and oxalate crystals as well as on their mutual interactions …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Micro‐Raman analysis on the combined use of ammonium oxalate and ammonium phosphate for the consolidation and protection of carbonate stone artifacts

Osticioli

Botticelli²,

Matteini

et al. 2017

J Raman Spectroscopy

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Ammonium oxalate ((NH4)2C2O4, AmOx) and more recently di‐ammonium phosphate ((NH4)2HPO4, DAP) are used as inorganic agents in the conservation of cultural heritage for protection and consolidation of carbonate stone artifacts. In this work, we carry out a Raman investigation on the extent of penetration provided by a combined use of them. In particular, AmOx followed by DAP, DAP followed by AmOx, and a DAP + AmOx mixture are applied on tablets of pure CaCO3 as well as on degraded marble samples. Then, cross‐sections of samples are analyzed in depth from surface to bulk. Characteristic differences in penetration depth of these agents and distribution of their products of interaction with the substrate are detected and discussed. A homogeneous distribution of whewellite inside the substrates down to a depth of ~1 mm was detected, which became larger in highly degraded regions of marble substrate. Ca‐phosphates in the form of hydroxyapatite were detected at greater depth (down to 2.5 mm), confirming better consolidating properties of DAP with respect of AmOx. Among the application methods tested in our investigation, the DAP followed by AmOx treatment appears the most effective. The discussion of results takes into consideration several aspects including solubility and interaction dynamics between reaction products as well as the peculiar morphological features of the artifact, which are evidenced to play a significant role in treatment choice. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Micro‐Raman analysis on the combined use of ammonium oxalate and ammonium phosphate for the consolidation and protection of carbonate stone artifacts

Osticioli

Botticelli²,

Matteini

et al. 2017

J Raman Spectroscopy

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“…Several reports showing the presence of calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) in renal stones suggested that crystals of CaCO 3 might be present in the early steps of stone formation. Such crystals, therefore, might promote CaOx crystallization from supersaturated urine by providing an appropriate substrate for heterogeneous nucleation [143, 144]. …”

Section: Matrix Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nephrolithiasis: Molecular Mechanism of Renal Stone Formation and the Critical Role Played by Modulators

Aggarwal

Narula

Kakkar³

et al. 2013

BioMed Research International

264

232

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Urinary stone disease is an ailment that has afflicted human kind for many centuries. Nephrolithiasis is a significant clinical problem in everyday practice with a subsequent burden for the health system. Nephrolithiasis remains a chronic disease and our fundamental understanding of the pathogenesis of stones as well as their prevention and cure still remains rudimentary. Regardless of the fact that supersaturation of stone-forming salts in urine is essential, abundance of these salts by itself will not always result in stone formation. The pathogenesis of calcium oxalate stone formation is a multistep process and essentially includes nucleation, crystal growth, crystal aggregation, and crystal retention. Various substances in the body have an effect on one or more of the above stone-forming processes, thereby influencing a person's ability to promote or prevent stone formation. Promoters facilitate the stone formation while inhibitors prevent it. Besides low urine volume and low urine pH, high calcium, sodium, oxalate and urate are also known to promote calcium oxalate stone formation. Many inorganic (citrate, magnesium) and organic substances (nephrocalcin, urinary prothrombin fragment-1, osteopontin) are known to inhibit stone formation. This review presents a comprehensive account of the mechanism of renal stone formation and the role of inhibitors/promoters in calcium oxalate crystallisation.

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“…Once afflicted, the subsequent relapse rate is increased and the recurrence interval is shortened [2-5]. Moreover, its annual incidences are increasing and also the age of onset is decreasing, perhaps due to change in life styles, diet and climate [6]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiurolithic activity of Origanum vulgare is mediated through multiple pathways

Khan

Bashir

Khan

et al. 2011

BMC Complement Altern Med

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BackgroundOriganum vulgare Linn has traditionally been used in the treatment of urolithiasis. Therefore, we investigated the crude extract of Origanum vulgare for possible antiurolithic effect, to rationalize its medicinal use.MethodsThe crude aqueous-methanolic extract of Origanum vulgare (Ov.Cr) was studied using the in vitro and in vivo methods. In the in vitro experiments, supersaturated solution of calcium and oxalate, kidney epithelial cell lines (MDCK) and urinary bladder of rabbits were used, whereas, in the in vivo studies, rat model of urolithiasis was used for the study of preventive and curative effect.ResultsIn the in vitro experiments, Ov.Cr exhibited a concentration-dependent (0.25-4 mg/ml) inhibitory effect on the slope of nucleation and aggregation and also decreased the number of calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals (COM) produced in calcium oxalate metastable solutions. It also showed concentration-dependent antioxidant effect against DPPH free radical and lipid peroxidation induced in rat kidney tissue homogenate. Ov.Cr reduced the cell toxicity using MTT assay and LDH release in renal epithelial cells (MDCK) exposed to oxalate (0.5 mM) and COM (66 μg/cm2) crystals. Ov.Cr relaxed high K+ (80 mM) induced contraction in rabbit urinary bladder strips, and shifted the calcium concentration-response curves (CRCs) towards right with suppression of the maximum response similar to that of verapamil, a standard calcium channel blocker. In male Wistar rats receiving lithogenic treatment comprising of 0.75% ethylene glycol in drinking water given for 3 weeks along with ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) for the first 5 days, Ov.Cr treatment (10-30 mg/kg) prevented as well as reversed toxic changes including loss of body weight, polyurea, crystalluria, oxaluria, raised serum urea and creatinine levels and crystal deposition in kidneys compared to their respective controls.ConclusionThese data indicating the antiurolithic activity in Ov.Cr, possibly mediated through inhibition of CaOx crystallization, antioxidant, renal epithelial cell protective and antispasmodic activities, rationalizes its medicinal use in urolithiasis.

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The Effect of Seed Crystals of Hydroxyapatite and Brushite on the Crystallization of Calcium Oxalate in Undiluted Human Urine In Vitro: Implications for Urinary Stone Pathogenesis

Cited by 20 publications

References 40 publications

Micro‐Raman analysis on the combined use of ammonium oxalate and ammonium phosphate for the consolidation and protection of carbonate stone artifacts

Micro‐Raman analysis on the combined use of ammonium oxalate and ammonium phosphate for the consolidation and protection of carbonate stone artifacts

Nephrolithiasis: Molecular Mechanism of Renal Stone Formation and the Critical Role Played by Modulators

Antiurolithic activity of Origanum vulgare is mediated through multiple pathways

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