The effect of sex and site on the composition of skin in the rat and mouse

Abstract

2. Alkaline sucrase was present in the ungerminated seed. fl-Fructofuranosidase was absent from the ungerminated seed but appeared in the embryo on germination, reaching a maximum (under etiolated conditions) after 9-10 days. Much of the activity appeared in the roots. 3. The alkaline sucrase could be purified only twofold, whereas the fl-fructofuranosidase was purified 110-fold. 4. The Km for the fl-fructofuranosidase was 2-4 mm on sucrose and 14 mm on raffinose. Alkaline sucrase had Km 8-9 mm on sucrose. 5. Both enzymes were inhibited by Ag+ ions (0 1 mM), though iodoacetamide (10 mM) had little effect. Alkaline sucrase was strongly inhibited by tris. Transferase activity was observed with the fifructofuranosidase but not with alkaline sucrase. 6. The function of the sucrases in vivo and their relation to the metabolism of raffinose-type oligosaccharides during germination is discussed. We thank Birmingham University for a University Scholarship to R. A. C. during the course of this work.

Skin Collagen and Thickness in Women with Hirsuties

“…Total collagen content was found to be greater in men than in women by Shuster and Bottoms (1963a), and this has since been shown for other species Bottoms, 1963b, 1967;Dickerson and John, 1964). This difference is probably due to androgen, since we have also shown exogenous androgen will increase skin collagen (Black et al, 1970c).…”

Osteoporosis, Skin Collagen, and Androgen

“…Skin collagen decreases with age, but at all ages skin collagen is appreciably greater in men than in women (Shuster and Bottoms, 1963a), and the same is true of mouse and rat skin Bottoms, 1963b, 1967;Dickerson and John, 1964). The present observations suggest this difference may be androgen determined.…”

A Role for the Androgen Receptor in Collagen Content of the Skin

“…Furthermore, female transgenic mice carrying a pro-a1(I) collagen promoter with a luciferase reporter gene showed increased luciferase expression in response to treatment with dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in skin, but not in bone (Opas et al, 2000). An earlier report using pooled samples from outbred rodents suggested that female mice had less total skin collagen than male mice, whereas gender differences were not apparent in the rat (Dickerson and John, 1964). Estradiol can suppress the synthesis of collagen types I and IV in cultured rat mesangial cells, whereas testosterone has no effect (Kwan et al, 1996).…”