The effect of simulated leg length discrepancy on lower limb biomechanics during gait

Khamis, Sam; Carmeli, Eli

doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2017.12.024

Cited by 44 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 24 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…3 The effect of the length difference between two legs on the mechanics of the lower extremity can be ignored when the length difference is 5-10 mm, while, the lower extremity movements will have obvious deformity if the difference of the legs' length is greater than 10 mm. 11 Resende et al 12 analyzed the lower extremity injury caused by unilateral foot pronation, which provided a basis for lower extremity rehabilitation and correction. However, it didn't involve changes in lower extremity muscle force.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Single Crouch Walking Gaits on Fatigue Damages of Lower Extremity Main Muscles

Wang

Zhao

et al. 2019

J. Mech. Med. Biol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Single crouch walking gait (SCWG) is one of the main walking gaits when one of the legs is injured. However, the research on movement biomechanical characteristics (MBC) of lower extremity in SCWG has not been reported. So, the aim of this study is to analyze kinematics and main muscle fatigue damages of lower extremity in SCWG. Gaits data were collected with functional assessment biomechanics (FAB) system which applies the real-time wireless gait phase detection system, the movement function relations of joints of lower extremity were obtained by fitting the collected data in normal walking gait (NWG) and SCWG with Fourier series, the fitted movement functions were input to 3D human musculoskeletal model as driving functions for human movement to analyze the differences of MBC between SCWG and NWG. Finally, the muscle contractions were used to evaluate muscle fatigue damage. Compared with NWG, the result shows that the movement range of the joint angles of lower extremity are reduced in SCWG, the change law of hip internal/external rotation angle (IERA) has a significant difference, and the change laws of other joint angles are similarly between SCWG and NWG. The muscle contractions of Gluteus maximum (GMAX) 2, Gluteus meddle (GMED) 1, GMED2, Iliacus (ILI), Rectus femoris (RFEM), Soleus (SOL), Gastrocnemius (GAS) and Vastus lateralis (VLAT) are significantly larger in SCWG than in NWG (except GlutMed2 which is about 20–40% and VLAT which is about 63.8–76.1% of gait cycle), namely, these muscles easily cause muscle damages in SCWG. The contraction change of Adductor magnus (AMAG) is dispersed, so AMAG is prone to muscle fatigue in SCWG. The study results will fill in the gaps in the MBC of lower extremity in SCWG and provide data for Rehabilitation Medical Technology (RMT) and development of rehabilitation equipment of lower extremity.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Single Crouch Walking Gaits on Fatigue Damages of Lower Extremity Main Muscles

Wang

Zhao

et al. 2019

J. Mech. Med. Biol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Recent studies have reported that gait deviations occur when LLD is <2 cm (hereafter, mild LLD) [3][4][5]; others have reported LLD as slight as 5-10 mm [6,7]. Two main methodologies evaluating gait asymmetry as a result of LLD have been described in the literature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two main methodologies evaluating gait asymmetry as a result of LLD have been described in the literature. The subjects either existed anatomical LLD [8,9] or LLD was acutely simulated with a shoe or heel lift in subjects assumed to have anatomically equal leg lengths [3,7]. Eek et al assessed the impact of mild LLD on pathological gait deviations by correcting gait deviations using a sole lift of 12 mm among children diagnosed with spastic cerebral palsy diplegia and a relatively mild LLD of 16 mm (range 10-28) [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies have found that LLD is compensated by dynamic strategies aimed at achieving functional equalizations [1,3,7,8], primarily when clearing the foot of the longer lower limb off the ground during the swing phase. Compensatory gait deviations can occur simultaneously in both the longer and shorter lower limb.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The primary aim of this study was to analyze kinematical asymmetry of patients with mild LLD with and without other clinical abnormalities and compare the impact of LLD on their gait deviations. The secondary aim was to assess and quantify functional discrepancy based on dynamic leg length (DLL) measurements [7,10,11]. We hypothesized that patients with only LLD would achieve dynamic equalization with asymmetric kinematics by functionally shortening the longer side, and lengthening the shorter side, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Correlation between Gait Asymmetry and Leg Length Discrepancy—What Is the Role of Clinical Abnormalities?

et al. 2018

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Reducing the effect of leg length discrepancy (LLD) on gait abnormalities while other abnormal conditions such as spasticity, joint contractures or weak muscle strength are exhibited is challenging. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of mild LLD on lower limb biomechanics, on participants with anatomic LLD with and without other clinical abnormalities. A motion capture system was utilized on 32 participants to measure lower limb kinematics and dynamic leg length (DLL) throughout the gait cycle, calculated as the absolute distance from the hip joint center, either to the heel, ankle joint center, or forefoot. The Pearson correlation coefficient found that LLD was associated with 5 kinematic variables only when LLD appeared with no other clinical abnormalities present (r = 0.574 – 0.846, p < 0.05). When clinical abnormalities were present, the random forest classification accuracy was lower (64% versus 80%), implying that the used kinematics are low predictors for anatomic LLD, revealing a higher asymmetrical clearance index (the difference between the maximal stance phase and the minimal contra-lateral swing phase DLL) and a different kinematic variable importance index. Clinical abnormalities in pathological gait will in all probability significantly affect gait deviations, affirming mild anatomic LLD as inconsequential. A functional measurement can offer a better estimate as to the side and extent of the functional discrepancy.

show abstract

Case #35: Management of Neuropathic Avascular Necrosis of the Talus and Severe Ankle Varus Dislocation with Femoral Head Allograft and Lateral Anatomic Locking Plate

Visser

2022

Challenges in Foot and Ankle Reconstructive Surgery

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The effect of simulated leg length discrepancy on lower limb biomechanics during gait

Cited by 44 publications

References 24 publications

Effects of Single Crouch Walking Gaits on Fatigue Damages of Lower Extremity Main Muscles

Effects of Single Crouch Walking Gaits on Fatigue Damages of Lower Extremity Main Muscles

Correlation between Gait Asymmetry and Leg Length Discrepancy—What Is the Role of Clinical Abnormalities?

Case #35: Management of Neuropathic Avascular Necrosis of the Talus and Severe Ankle Varus Dislocation with Femoral Head Allograft and Lateral Anatomic Locking Plate

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About