The effect of simulated rain on deposits of some cotton pesticides

Pick, Frans E.; Dyk, L. P. van; Beer, Pieter R. de

doi:10.1002/ps.2780150614

Cited by 40 publications

(28 citation statements)

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“…In contrast, the fractions of toxaphene and fenvalerate washed from the plants were relatively constant at 10 and 7%, respectively, regardless of time after application and amount on the plants. Pick et al (1984), using overhead irrigation to simulate rair~fall, concluded that endosulfan, cypermethrin, and carbaryl became more resistant to washoff with time after application. Even low amounts of rain can have drastic effects on insecticide residues.…”

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confidence: 99%

Rainfastening of Bifenthrin to Cotton Leaves with Selected Adjuvants

Mulrooney

Elmore

2000

J of Env Quality

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There are thousands of adjuvants on the market, yet little is known about their effects on the activity of insecticides on plant surfaces. The effects of 11 selected adjuvants on the rainfastness and retention of bifenthrin -(i-)-(2 methyl[l,l'-biphenyl]-3-yl) methyl 3-(2-chloro-3J,3-trifluoro-l-propenyl)-2~-dimethylcyclopropanearhoxylate) on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) leaves were investigated. In addition, the effect of the adjuvant Bond on the efficacy of bifenthrin and a Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner) formulation wa9 determined. Bifenthrin mixed with each adjuvant was applied to greenhouse grown cotton plants using a spray chamber. Simulated rainfall of 13 mm was then applied to treated cotton plants at 0.25, 1, and 4 h after treatment. Bond and Agimax-3 were the only adjuvant. to significantly increase the rainfastness of hifenthrin on cotton leaves. Agri-Dex, Soy-Dex, and Dyne-Amic significantly decreased the rainfaqtness of bifenthrin. In tests conducted with an immersion cell apparatus, Orchex 7% resulted in twice the retention of Agri-Dex, the nkit highest retained adjuvant. Both petroleum and veget-able oils enhanced retention of bifenthrin on the leaf surface. Bond mixed with bifenthrin m d a B. thuringiensis formulation did not reduce the activity of these insecticides against tobacco hudworm (Heliothis virescens) and soybean looper (Pseudoplusia includens) larvae. Retention on the leaf may he related to spread and to the degree of binding of the insecticide to the surface by properties of the adjuvant. Yet, the properties of Agri-Dex that enhanced the retention of bifenthrin to the cotton leaf decreased its rainfastness. SPRAY adjuvants may enhance pesticide activity and minimize the effects of environmental factors on pesticide application and decomposition. Thousands of adjuvants are now on the market. Foy (1993), in a survey of product labels from 485 formulations of crop protection chemicals for use in 1992, found that 49% of the formulations recommended adjuvant use, 5% recommended no adjuvant, and the remaining 46% did not mention adjuvant use. Adjuvants were recommended with 71% of the herbicide formulations and with 30% of the other classes of crop protection chemicals, while 14% of the other classes of crop protection chemicals did not recommend an adjuvant.The greatest reduction of pesticide efficacy results from environmental factors. While sunlight gradually decomposes pesticides on the leaf surface, rainfall has an immediate effect on the adherence of pesticide residues to plant surfaces, especially if a storm occurs shortly after application.Studies have shown that rainfall amount more greatly affects the washoff of insecticides from cotton plants than does rainfall intensity. However, the effect of elapsed time between insecticide application and rainfall on insecticide washoff from plants varies with insecticide and/or formulation. For example, methyl parathion that is washed from cotton plants decreases exponentially with time after application and linearly with the co...

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confidence: 99%

Rainfastening of Bifenthrin to Cotton Leaves with Selected Adjuvants

Mulrooney

Elmore

2000

J of Env Quality

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“…However, significant differences were only observed 48 hours after application (Table 2). In a previous study, Pick et al (1984) observed that 50% of the applied insecticide was removed after 5 mm of precipitation occurred 1 hour after insecticide application. Moreover, the authors concluded that the interval between insecticide application and the occurrence of rain should be increased as the volume of precipitation increases.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Among the components of the production costs, the pest control represents approximately 50% of the cost with pesticides in the main areas that produce cotton in Brazil (RICHETTI et al, 2005), which demands discerning analysis for employment of pests chemical control. Among the main pests are the cotton aphids (Aphis gossypii) that demand a lot of control interventions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This request attention at the moment of the sprays, because the rain can reduce the control efficiency removing part of the product of the leaf, thus reducing your absorption and the protection period (EDWARDS, 1975;PICK et al, 1984;STEFFENS;WIENEKE, 1975).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They point out, however, that one possible mechanism is the inhibition of the penetration of the insect estylet in the cells of the plant. As for handling crop protection management, it esteems that a very small amount of the applied products in the chemical control, less than 0,1%, reach your action site (PIMENTEL, 1995). One of the best tools to increase the efficiency in general of pesticides would be to increase the penetration of the active ingredient inside of the tissues, in the case of systemic products, where foliate absorption has an important factor for their effectiveness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simulate rain about action insecticide flonicamid in the control of the cotton aphid

Fortunato¹,

Degrande²,

Fonseca³

2011

Acta Sci. Agron.

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ABSTRACT. The cotton production system in Brazil concentrates on the area of the cerrado, characterized by frequent rains that interfere in the effectiveness of the necessary sprays during its cycle. The objective of the work was to evaluate simulate rain of 15 mm in 4 hours after spraying in the control of Aphis gossypii with insecticide flonicamid. Plants of Gossypium hirsutum were cultivated in pots containing soil as substrate in greenhouse conditions. The pots were arranged in randomized complete design with seven treatments and five replicates, consisting of: test without insecticide spraying, without insecticide spraying with rain, flonicamid spraying with simulate rain of 15 mm after 30 minutes, 1, 2 and 4 hours after spraying. Equivalent insecticide was sprayed 75 g of flonicamid by hectare. The efficiency evaluation was accomplished through the individuals of A. gossypii count which started from an artificial infestation 6 days before the application of the treatments. The results were: a 15-mm precipitation during the first four hours after flonicamid spraying interfered negatively in the control of A. gossypii.

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The effects of six adjuvants on the rainfastness of chlorpyrifos formulated as an emulsifiable concentrate

Thacker

Young

1999

Pestic. Sci.

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The chemically diþ erent adjuvants 'Agral', 'Bond', 'Codacide Oil', Li 700, 'Silwet L'-77, and 'Headland Guard' were assayed to determine their eþ ects on the rainfastness of an emulsiüable concentrate formulation of the organophosphorus pesticide chlorpyrifos. Cabbage leaves were each treated with 200 Â 0.25-ll droplets of diluted formulation using a hand-held microapplicator. Droplet deposits were left to air-dry for 1 h prior to exposure to simulated rainfall. Rain fastness was assessed using GC residue analyses of treated leaves after exposure to 10, 20 or 30 min simulated rainfall. The results indicated that the latex-based adjuvants 'Bond' and 'Headland Guard' induced a statistically signiücant increase in rainfastness, results for the other adjuvants assayed being either not signiücant or inconclusive. The results are discussed within the context of using adjuvants to enhance insecticide efficacy.

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The effect of simulated rain on deposits of some cotton pesticides

Cited by 40 publications

References 9 publications

Rainfastening of Bifenthrin to Cotton Leaves with Selected Adjuvants

Rainfastening of Bifenthrin to Cotton Leaves with Selected Adjuvants

Simulate rain about action insecticide flonicamid in the control of the cotton aphid

The effects of six adjuvants on the rainfastness of chlorpyrifos formulated as an emulsifiable concentrate

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