The effect of single and double austenitization temperatures on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and pitting corrosion of AISI 431 electron beam welds

Rajasekhar, A.; Reddy, G. Madhusudhan

doi:10.1243/14644207jmda279

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Tempering resulted reduction in hardness. The marginal decrease in tempered hardness of DA treated sample compared to single austenitization at 1050 0 C could be attributed to decrease in carbon content due to carbide precipitation during second stage austenitization [20].…”

Section: Influence Of Double Austenitizationmentioning

confidence: 94%

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 16Cr-2Ni Stainless Steel Fusion and Solid State Welds-Influence of Post Weld Treatments

Reddy

Rajasekhar²

2013

AMR

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Many critical applications in chemical equipment, aircraft and ordinance demand a material of construction with high strength and good corrosion resistance. Frequently the strength requirement exceeds that obtainable with austenitic or ferritic stainless steel and it is necessary to use one of the martensitic stainless steels. Since martensitic stainless steels are structural materials, weldability has been an important consideration in their development. AISI 431 is one of the most potentially attractive steels in this class used extensively for parts requiring a combination of high tensile strength, good toughness and corrosion resistance. Although this material has been used for many years, little information is available on the welding behavior of these steels. Further, data on electron beam (EB) welding and solid state welding process like friction welding are scarce. The lack of knowledge constitutes a potential drawback to the more widespread use of these steels. Hence, a study has been taken up to develop an understanding on the electron beam welding and friction welding aspects of martensitic stainless steel type AISI 431. Various kinds of post weld heat treatments (PWHT) were investigated to determine their influence on microstructure and mechanical properties. Weld center in EB welding resulted a cast structure consists of dendritic structure with ferrite network in a matrix of un-tempered martensite. In friction welding, the weld center exhibited thermo-mechanical effected structure consists of fine intragranular acicular martensite in equiaxed prior austenite grains. In both the welding processes, post weld tempering treatment resulted in coarsening of the martensite which increases with increase in tempering temperature. In the as-weld condition, welds exhibited high strength and hardness and poor impact toughness. Increase in impact toughness and decrease in strength and hardness is observed with an increase in tempering temperature. The hardness of EB welds increased with increase in the austenitizing temperature up to 1100 °C and a marginal decrease thereafter was observed. Double austenitization after double tempering resulted in optical mechanical properties i.e., strength, hardness and toughness.

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Section: Influence Of Double Austenitizationmentioning

confidence: 94%

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 16Cr-2Ni Stainless Steel Fusion and Solid State Welds-Influence of Post Weld Treatments

Reddy

Rajasekhar²

2013

AMR

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“…(a) Austenitization between 950 and 1100 ºC followed by quenching; (b) Tempering between 200 and 300 ºC for high strength, moderate toughness, and resistance and between 600 and 700 ºC for moderate strength, high toughness [9,10].…”

Section: Fig 1 Isothermal Section Of the Fe-cr-c Phase Diagram At 1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of heat treatment on hardness and wear resistance of high carbon-high chromium steel (FMU-11)

Дарвиши¹,

Daneshmayeh

Salehi³

et al. 2021

Metall Mater Eng

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In the present study, microstructure, hardness, and abrasion resistance of a heat-treated high carbon-high chromium steel (FMU-11) used in the cement mills were investigated. To investigate the best heat-treating cycle for the FMU-11 steel, three sets of samples were heat treated. The first set was tempered two times, the second set was re-hardened, and the third set was cryogenically heat treated. These samples were then compared with the conventionally heat-treated samples. The samples' microstructure was studied using an optical microscope, where traditional black and white etching, as well as color etching, were used. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was applied for higher magnification studies and in-depth analysis of the chemical composition. The mechanical properties were investigated by measuring the hardness and the wear resistance for the samples heat-treated in different cycles. The results showed that the cryogenic treatment and double-tempered samples had the highest hardness and wear resistance. In addition, the results showed that the re-hardening operation caused the carbides to be finely separated and evenly distributed in the steel matrix. The wear test results illustrated that the wear mechanism could be the delamination wear and the abrasive wear combined.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compared to the EXW and FSW, EBW with high-energy density, fast welding speed, and superior controllability was often used for producing butt weld joints, and also has a wide range of industrial application prospects. [14][15][16][17][18] In our previous study, the EBW technique has been conducted to join 3 mm thick Al (2.5 mm)/Cu (0.5 mm) bimetallic sheet with a relatively low proportion of the Cu cladding layer. The joints without porosity and crack in different welding configurations were obtained via the EBW through the optimization of welding parameters, implying that it is a potential welding technology for the bimetallic sheet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation on the coupling interaction in electron beam welded Al–Cu bimetallic sheet

Wei

et al. 2020

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L:

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Two sound joints of Al–Cu bimetallic sheet with 6.5 mm in thickness were obtained in Cu (upper)–Al (lower) and Al (upper)–Cu (lower) welding configurations via the electron beam welding and their distinct coupling models were developed to well understand their flow behavior of the molten pool and microstructure evolution mechanisms during the electron beam welding. For the electron beam welding of the Cu–Al bimetallic sheet, liquid Al and Cu flowed into each other and fully combined in the fusion zone and the interface zone under high-temperature environment, forming large amount of intermetallic compounds. For the electron beam welding of the Al–Cu bimetallic sheet, liquid Al was floating on the Cu substrate, while liquid Cu was flowing at the bottom of the molten pool and mutually combined with liquid Al at the interface, forming a relatively small amount of intermetallic compounds. Moreover, a part of liquid Al flowed back to the seam root under the influence of the Marangoni effect. Therefore, the fusion zone and the interface zone with various phase compositions were formed in these two Al–Cu bimetallic joints and the mechanical properties of the corresponding joints were determined. Furthermore, the average tensile strengths of Cu–Al and Al–Cu bimetallic joints were 59 MPa and 67 MPa, respectively. The fracture locations of these two joints were both at the edge of the fusion zone along the Al2Cu intermetallic compound interlayer. Moreover, the fracture characteristics of these joints were mainly cleavage fracture.

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The effect of single and double austenitization temperatures on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and pitting corrosion of AISI 431 electron beam welds

Cited by 5 publications

References 8 publications

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 16Cr-2Ni Stainless Steel Fusion and Solid State Welds-Influence of Post Weld Treatments

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 16Cr-2Ni Stainless Steel Fusion and Solid State Welds-Influence of Post Weld Treatments

Effect of heat treatment on hardness and wear resistance of high carbon-high chromium steel (FMU-11)

Investigation on the coupling interaction in electron beam welded Al–Cu bimetallic sheet

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