The Effect of Size and Working Fluid on the Multi-Objective Design of High-Speed Centrifugal Compressors

Giuffre’, Andrea; Colonna, Piero; Pini, Matteo

doi:10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2022.06.023

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Most of the optimizations were carried out by changing design parameters, such as trailing edge angles, polar angles, impeller shape factor, radius, blade height, and other design parameters. [11][12][13][14] Literature on theoretical methods The theoretical modeling of centrifugal compressors involves the creation of mathematical frameworks and computational simulations to elucidate their performance characteristics and behaviour. These models integrate fundamental principles of fluid dynamics, thermodynamics, and mechanical engineering to predict variables such as pressure ratios, flow rates, efficiency, and temperature distributions.…”

Section: Literature On Numerical Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerodynamic performance enhancement of centrifugal compressor using numerical techniques

2024

F1000Res

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Background Centrifugal compressors are dynamic machines utilizing a rotating impeller, efficiently accelerate incoming gases, transforming kinetic energy into pressure energy for compression. They serve a wide range of industries, including air conditioning, refrigeration, gas turbines, industrial processes, and applications such as air compression, gas transportation, and petrochemicals, demonstrating their versatility. Designing a centrifugal compressor poses challenges related to achieving high aerodynamic efficiency, surge and choke control, material selection, rotor dynamics, cavitation, erosion, and addressing environmental considerations while balancing costs. Optimizing maintenance, reliability, and energy efficiency are essential aspects of the design process. Methods The primary objective of this research is to comprehensively investigate and improve the aerodynamic performance of centrifugal compressors. To accomplish this, a comprehensive investigation of variables such as blade number and hub diameter, along with various turbulence models will be conducted. This approach will leverage numerical techniques to fill the significant gaps in the current literature regarding centrifugal compressor design and optimization. The study encompasses the evaluation of two turbulence models, namely Shear Stress Transport and K-epsilon. Furthermore, it delves into the fine-tuning of blade geometry, including variations in blade number and hub diameter, aiming to refine the design for optimal performance. Extensive analyses using Ansys CFX encompass key variables such as Pressure, Mach Number, Density, Velocity, Turbulence Kinetic Energy, and Temperature. Results Notably, the optimized pressure profile yielded remarkable results, achieving a substantial 36% improvement, demonstrating the tangible benefits of these design enhancements. Conclusion The outcomes of this research hold significant utility for engineers, manufacturers, and regulatory bodies, offering invaluable insights and guidance to enhance compressor performance and efficiency.

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Section: Literature On Numerical Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerodynamic performance enhancement of centrifugal compressor using numerical techniques

2024

F1000Res

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“…The feasibility of a miniature centrifugal compressor running on gas bearings for domestic heat pump applications has been demonstrated by Schiffmann et al [5,6]. The influence of size and working fluid on various design aspects concerning single-stage high-speed compressors has been systematically investigated in a recent work [7]. However, the design of a twinstage compressor, featuring two compressor wheels mounted in back-to-back configuration on the same shaft, involves additional consideration regarding the split of the duty among the two stages, the balance of axial thrust produced by the two impellers, the cooling of the bearings, and that of the electric motor.…”

Section: Objectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Design Optimization of a High-Speed Twin-Stage Compressor for Next-Gen Aircraft Environmental Control System

Giuffre’

Colonna

Pini

2022

Volume 10C: Turbomachinery — Design Methods and CFD Modeling for Turbomachinery; Ducts, Noise, and Component Interactions

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The environmental control system (ECS) is the largest auxiliary power consumer, i.e, around 75% of non-propulsive power, among the aircraft subsystems. The adoption of a novel ECS architecture, based on an electrically-driven vapor compression cycle system, can enable a twofold increase of coefficient of performance (COP), as compared to the conventional air cycle machine (ACM). The core of this technology is a high-speed, miniature centrifugal compressor, consisting of two impellers mounted in back-to-back configuration, and running on gas bearings operating with refrigerant. The fluid dynamic design optimization of the twin-stage compressor, to be installed in the vapor compression cycle test rig under realization at Delft University of Technology, is documented in this paper. First, the scaling analysis for centrifugal compressor is extended to provide guidelines for the design of twin-stage machines. Then, a multi-objective conceptual design optimization is performed by resorting to an in-house reduced-order model (ROM), coupled to a genetic algorithm. The fluid dynamic performance and the structural integrity of the optimal design are assessed by means of a hybrid framework, encompassing CFD and ROMs, and by FEA. The results show that it is possible to design a twin-stage compressor for the target application, featuring an average efficiency higher than 70%, a maximum compression ratio exceeding 9, and an operating range of 0.27 at the design rotational speed, despite the detrimental effects of motor cooling and miniature size.

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“…Flows of fluids not obeying to the perfect or the ideal gas law are encountered in many relevant engineering applications. In the field of propulsion and power, examples of these applications include unconventional turbines and compressors operating with dense vapors for power generation and thermal management systems [10], fuel injectors of gas turbines and regenerative cooling nozzles of rocket engines [1,2], in which the fluid is at supercritical conditions, and compact heat-exchangers for waste heat recovery systems, whereby the fluid can be either a non-ideal compressible liquid or a supercritical gas [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Data-Driven Regression of Thermodynamic Models in Entropic Form

et al. 2023

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Modeling non-ideal compressible flows in the context of computational fluid-dynamics (CFD) requires the calculation of thermodynamic state properties at each step of the iterative solution process. To this purpose, the use of a built-in fundamental equation of state (EoS) in entropic form, i.e., s = s(e, ρ), can be particularly cost-effective, as all state properties can be explicitly calculated from the conservative variables of the flow solver. This approach can be especially advantageous for massively parallel computations, in which look-up table (LuT) methods can become prohibitively expensive in terms of memory usage. The goal of this research is to: i) develop a fundamental relation based on the entropy potential; ii) create a data-driven model of entropy and its first and second-order derivatives, expressed as a function of density and internal energy; iii) test the performance of the data-driven thermodynamic model on a CFD case study. Notably, two Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) models are trained on a synthetic dataset comprising 500k thermodynamic state points, obtained by means of the Span-Wagner EoS. The thermodynamic properties are calculated by differentiating the fundamental equation, thus ensuring thermodynamic consistency. Conversely, thermodynamic stability is properly enforced during the regression process. Albeit the method is applicable to the development of equation of state models for arbitrary fluids and thermodynamic conditions, the present work only considers siloxane MM in the single phase region. The MLP model is implemented in the open-source SU2 software [8] and is used for the numerical simulation of non-ideal compressible flows in a planar converging-diverging nozzle. Finally, the accuracy and the computational performance of the data-driven thermodynamic model are assessed by comparing the resulting flow field, the wall time and the memory requirements with those obtained with direct calls to a cubic EoS, and with a LuT method.

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The Effect of Size and Working Fluid on the Multi-Objective Design of High-Speed Centrifugal Compressors

Cited by 15 publications

References 27 publications

Aerodynamic performance enhancement of centrifugal compressor using numerical techniques

Aerodynamic performance enhancement of centrifugal compressor using numerical techniques

Design Optimization of a High-Speed Twin-Stage Compressor for Next-Gen Aircraft Environmental Control System

Data-Driven Regression of Thermodynamic Models in Entropic Form

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