Highlights
Several exercise- and sports-related parameters such as sex, age, athletic expertise, training season, and sports type are discussed. These factors may potentially influence sleep quantity and architecture.
Overall, sleep quantity and quality in athletes is reduced and potentially insufficient, in comparison to the general consensus of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine for non-athlete healthy adults.
Specifically, young athletes, mainly of Asian origin, showed poor sleep quality, with low efficiency and long wake after sleep onset. Sleep architecture data for specific athletic populations, such as female athletes, were lacking in the literature.
Further research on athletes according to sex and age is needed in order to establish sleep recommendations and promote sleep-optimizing interventions, especially for child and adolescent athletes.