The effect of sleep onset on the auditory averaged evoked response

Ornitz, Edward M.; Ritvo, Edward; Carr, Everett M; Franchi, Steven La; Walter, Richard D.

doi:10.1016/0013-4694(67)90046-6

Cited by 46 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Previous studies have shown that the amplitude of N350 was larger at or near the time of sleep onset (Ornitz et al, 1967) and was larger during light sleep relative to SWS (Kallai et al, 2003). Furthermore, there was a close correlation between the emergence of N350 and reductions in behavioral responsiveness around sleep onset (Harsh et al, 1994) as well as the emergence of theta activity in stage 1 sleep (Gora et al, 1999;Colrain et al, 2000a).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

The effects of sleep stages and time of night on NREM sleep ERPs

Yang

2007

International Journal of Psychophysiology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

The effects of sleep stages and time of night on NREM sleep ERPs

Yang

2007

International Journal of Psychophysiology

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“…Further, the mid- and high-frequency modulations dominate quantitatively at the high- and low-order cortices respectively (Fig 4), and their coupling is stronger across the hierarchical regions than within the same area and initiated by mid-frequency changes in the higher-order cortex (Fig 5). A release from inhibitory control may explain not only the increased high-frequency power during the SSTs, but also the larger evoked responses of sensory cortices during sleep compared with awake (Massimini et al, 2007; Meeren et al, 1998; Ornitz et al, 1967). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arousal transitions in sleep, wakefulness, and anesthesia are characterized by an orderly sequence of cortical events

et al. 2015

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Many aspects of brain function are influenced by modulatory processes, including arousal. The most abrupt changes in arousal occur at the wake-sleep transition and at the induction of anesthetic conditions. They are accompanied by major electrophysiological changes, including an emergence of low-frequency (sleep-like) activity and a loss of mid-frequency (wake-like) activity that has been linked to feedback processes of the brain. Nevertheless, the causal relationship between these two types of electrophysiological changes, as well as the cortical mechanisms underlying changes in arousal and consciousness, remain poorly understood. To address this, we studied spontaneous electro-cortical activity during arousal changes in macaques. During sleep and at loss of consciousness induced by propofol anesthesia, we identified a prototypical sequence of cortical events in which the loss of mid-frequency activity preceded, by seconds, the increases in low-frequency activity. Furthermore, in visual areas, an influence of mid-frequency change onto high-frequency activity was observed across visual hierarchy. These results are consistent with the notion that drops in arousal and consciousness are facilitated by a release of feedback cortical inhibition.

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“…However, there are contradictory results concerning the N350 during non‐REM sleep. Whereas some studies observed maximum amplitudes during the sleep transition period (Broughton, 1988, cited in Ogilvie et al, 1991; Ornitz et al, 1967), other studies found increasing amplitudes with increasing sleep stage (Campbell et al, 1992; Fruhstorfer & Bergström, 1969; Weitzman & Kremen, 1965). The present investigation intends to provide further information on the N350 amplitude during wakefulness and sleep.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For sleep to prevail, external stimuli have to be prevented from reaching conscious awareness. Generally, the N350 component can be observed during both non-REM and REM sleep (Campbell et al, 1992;Ogilvie et al, 1991;Ornitz, Ritvo, Carr, La Franchi, & Walter, 1967;Weitzman & Kremen, 1965), showing lower amplitudes during REM sleep (Campbell et al, 1992;Weitzman & Kremen, 1965). However, there are contradictory results concerning the N350 during non-REM sleep.…”

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confidence: 99%

Attention to external stimuli during wakefulness and sleep: Evoked 40‐Hz response and N350

2003

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Changes of two components of the auditory event-related potential, the evoked 40-Hz response and the N350, were studied during different stages of wakefulness and sleep. The evoked 40-Hz response has been proposed to represent an attention-modulating mechanism; the N350 seems to reflect an inhibitory process associated with reduced information processing. Because recent literature suggests that both components reflect opposite mechanisms, an inverse relationship was expected. Ten participants were presented with tone pips while reading, lying awake in bed, and during light sleep, slow wave sleep, and REM sleep. A significant evoked 40-Hz response was observed during reading and lying awake in bed. N350 was evident in all conditions and, as expected, peaked during light sleep. The hypothesized inverse relationship was confirmed. These findings support former proposals that relate both components to attention. Possibly, the N350 is most pronounced during the sleep transition period because its inhibitory processes have to prevail over the attentional mechanisms (40-Hz response) to permit sleep onset.

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The effect of sleep onset on the auditory averaged evoked response

Cited by 46 publications

References 10 publications

The effects of sleep stages and time of night on NREM sleep ERPs

The effects of sleep stages and time of night on NREM sleep ERPs

Arousal transitions in sleep, wakefulness, and anesthesia are characterized by an orderly sequence of cortical events

Attention to external stimuli during wakefulness and sleep: Evoked 40‐Hz response and N350

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