The effect of slow plastic and elastic straining on sulphide stress cracking and hydrogen embrittlement of 3.5% Ni steel and API 5L X60 pipeline steel

Erlings, J. G.; Groot, H.W. de; Nauta, J.P.

doi:10.1016/0010-938x(87)90105-3

Cited by 27 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 3 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Failures were accompanied by trenching and anodic dissolution. However, when the same steel was pre-stressed in air to the UTS and then loaded by the SSRT in the environment in the elastic region, the specimen did not fail, suggesting that plastic deformation concomitant with exposure to the environment is required for failure to occur (Erlings et al, 1987). In addition, trenches and pits were observed in smooth specimens that were stressed at a constant load below the YS, but no cracks developed at the bottom of those specimens.…”

Section: Effects Of Plastic Deformationmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Therefore, if trenching is minimized, Ni-containing LAS under plastic deformation are not more susceptible than Ni-free steels. Erlings, De Groot, and Nauta (1987) reported failures at stress levels just above the YS for steels with 3.5-wt% Ni in H 2 S-saturated 5-wt% NaCl solution acidified with 0.5-wt% acetic acid tested at strain rates 2 × 10 -7 s -1 and slower (i.e., almost an order of magnitude slower than Yoshino and Minozaki). Failures were accompanied by trenching and anodic dissolution.…”

Section: Effects Of Plastic Deformationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Sulfide stress cracking of nickel-containing low-alloy steels

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Low-alloy steels (LAS) are extensively used in oil and gas (O&G) production due to their good mechanical properties and low cost. Even though nickel improves mechanical properties and hardenability with low penalty on weldability, which is critical for large subsea components, nickel content cannot exceed 1-wt% when used in sour service applications. The ISO 15156-2 standard limits the nickel content in LAS on the assumption that nickel concentrations above 1-wt% negatively impact sulfide stress cracking (SSC) resistance. This restriction excludes a significant number of high-strength and high-toughness alloys, such as Ni-Cr-Mo (e.g., UNS G43200 and G43400), Ni-Mo (e.g., UNS G46200), and Ni-Cr-Mo-V grades, from sour service applications and can be used only if successfully qualified. However, the standard is based on controversial research conducted more than 40 years ago. Since then, researchers have suggested that it is the microstructure that determines SSC resistance, regardless of Ni content. This review summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of nickel-containing LAS in terms of strength, weldability, hardenability, potential weight savings, and cost reduction. Likewise, the state of knowledge on the effect of nickel on hydrogen absorption as well as SSC initiation and propagation kinetics is critically reviewed.

show abstract

Section: Effects Of Plastic Deformationmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Effects Of Plastic Deformationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sulfide stress cracking of nickel-containing low-alloy steels

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It is usual to apply~ripple load during immersion of the specimen, though Erlings et al 26 suggest its use in air to precondition the alloy (modify the effective microplastic strain rate) before subsequent elastic slow rate testing in solution. The key parameters which need to be defined for ripple loading are load amplitude, frequency of loading, and stress ratio or mean stress.…”

Section: Shell Bent Beam Test 20mentioning

confidence: 99%

Test methods for environment assisted cracking

Turnbull¹

1992

British Corrosion Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The test methods for assessing environment assisted cracking of metals in aqueous solutions are described. The advantages and disadvantages are examined and the interrelationship between results from different test methods is discussed. The source of differences in susceptibility to cracking observed occasionally from the varied mechanical test methods is often the variation in environmental parameters between the different tests and the lack of adequate specification, monitoring, and control of environmental variables. Time is also a significant factor when comparing results from short term tests with long exposure tests. In addition to these factors, the intrinsic difference in the important mechanical variables, such as strain rate, associated with the various mechanical test methods can change the apparent sensitivity of the material to stress corrosion cracking. The increasing economic pressure for more accelerated testing is in conflict with the characteristic time dependence of corrosion processes. Unreliable results may be inevitable in some cases, but improved understanding of mechanisms and the development of mechanistically based models of environment assisted cracking which incorporate the key mechanical, material, and environmental variables can provide the framework for a more realistic interpretation of short term data.

show abstract

“…There are several methods to combat SCC which are pinning, stress relieve heat treatment, control of corrosive environment and reducing the oxidizing elements like oxygen, use of corrosion inhibitors and changing the alloy. In summary the three factors which result in the SCC should be prevented [5,6,7]. Coatings which are applied on the pipelines are never perfect [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Localized Coating Damage on Stress Corrosion Cracking Resistance of API 5L Grade B Steel

Malekinejad¹

2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract:In this research slow strain rate testing (SSRT), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), hardness measurement, metallography and optical microscopy were used to investigate the effect of localized coating damage on stress corrosion cracking (SCC) resistance of API 5L Grade B steel. According to the results, by increasing the damaged coating surface area, resistance to SCC increased. This phenomenon had 2 reasons. Firstly, by reduction of damaged surface area of coating, the ratio of anode surface to cathode surface reduced and consequently the corrosion reduced. Other reason was reduction in toughness by reducing the area of damaged surface of coating which resulted in failure at lower stresses.

show abstract

The effect of slow plastic and elastic straining on sulphide stress cracking and hydrogen embrittlement of 3.5% Ni steel and API 5L X60 pipeline steel

Cited by 27 publications

References 3 publications

Sulfide stress cracking of nickel-containing low-alloy steels

Sulfide stress cracking of nickel-containing low-alloy steels

Test methods for environment assisted cracking

Effect of Localized Coating Damage on Stress Corrosion Cracking Resistance of API 5L Grade B Steel

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About